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Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is an active coenzyme of vitamin B2 involved in oxidation and reduction reactions. In this study we have developed a fully automated method for the analysis of FAD by fluorescence detection. FAD is extracted from whole blood samples by trichloroacetic acid, with diethyl ribityl isoalloxazine used as an internal standard. Linearity for FAD was above 0.99 (r) up to a concentration range of 1000 nmol/L. Precision of the method (intra-day and inter-day) compared against commercial quality control material was below 8% (coefficient of variation) with recovery of FAD exceeding 90%. Accuracy of the protocol was compared against a previous cycle from an external quality assurance program (RCPAQAP) (n = 12) with satisfactory agreement. Overall, this method has increased laboratory workflow and reduced manual labour required in performing FAD analysis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2020.113616 | DOI Listing |
J Biol Chem
September 2025
Laboratory of Redox Biology and Metabolism, Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Histomonas meleagridis is a parasitic protozoan which causes histomoniasis (blackhead disease) in a wide range of birds, including domesticated chickens and turkeys, representing a significant health problem in avian veterinary medicine. Despite being classified as an anaerobic parasite, H. meleagridis can survive transient exposure to oxygen while little is known about the mechanisms that allow this organism to cope with exposure to varying oxygen levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleic Acids Res
August 2025
Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
MnmE and MnmG form a conserved protein complex responsible for the addition of a 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm5) group onto the wobble uridine of several transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Within this complex, both proteins collaborate intensively to catalyze a tRNA modification reaction that involves glycine as a substrate in addition to three different cofactors, with FAD and NADH binding to MnmG and methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-THF) to MnmE. Without structures of the MnmEG complex, it remained enigmatic how these substrates and co-factors can be brought together in a concerted manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
August 2025
Department of SmartBio, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea.
Phosphine (PH) is a fumigant often used to control insect pests, but its metabolic effects on insect physiology remain unclear. In this study, a comparative metabolomics analysis was performed to elucidate the physiological metabolic pathways affected by PH exposure in , and significant changes in the metabolic profiles induced by PH treatment were identified. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis revealed different metabolic changes, and a total of 45 metabolites were identified and mapped to metabolic pathways using the KEGG database.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
Studies from the 1980s and 1990s conducted in Italy, where malaria was once endemic, hypothesized that individuals with erythrocytes deficient in flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-collectively known as flavins-are partially protected against malaria. The condition was reported to be familial, consistent with a genetic element. This hypothesis, however, has never been tested.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
August 2025
Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States.
Introduction: Neutrophils are critical innate immune cells that heterogeneously respond to infection and inflammation by performing functions such as oxidative burst and NETosis, which require significant metabolic adaptation. Deeper insights into the single cell diversity of such metabolic changes will help identify regulation of neutrophil functions in health and diseases. Due to their short lifespan and associated technical challenges, the early metabolic processes of neutrophil activation are not completely understood.
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