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The auditory frequency-following response (FFR) is a non-invasive index of the fidelity of sound encoding in the brain, and is used to study the integrity, plasticity, and behavioral relevance of the neural encoding of sound. In this Perspective, we review recent evidence suggesting that, in humans, the FFR arises from multiple cortical and subcortical sources, not just subcortically as previously believed, and we illustrate how the FFR to complex sounds can enhance the wider field of auditory neuroscience. Far from being of use only to study basic auditory processes, the FFR is an uncommonly multifaceted response yielding a wealth of information, with much yet to be tapped.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13003-w | DOI Listing |
J Am Acad Audiol
September 2025
The spectral and temporal components of the acoustic signal are processed in the central auditory system and contribute to speech and language processing. This study aimed to assess the spectral and temporal auditory processing skills in children with a history of speech and language delay in early childhood. The following tests were conducted to address our purpose: frequency following response test, temporal modulation transfer function test, spectral temporally modulated ripple test, and speech intelligibility in noise test.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Acoust Soc Am
August 2025
Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
Concurrent vowel perception experiments have revealed the importance of fundamental frequency (f0) differences in speech stream segregation. Understanding neural processes that support speech streaming using f0 differences remains an active area of perceptual and neurocomputational modeling research. This study simultaneously measured subcortical neural encoding [frequency following responses (FFRs)] and cued vowel identification accuracy of 12 concurrent vowel mixtures with large f0 differences (>8 semitones) to assess whether f0-based neural channel selection predicted perception.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Assoc Res Otolaryngol
August 2025
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Purpose: Present-day cochlear implants (CIs) can deliver usable speech reception in quiet surroundings. Most CI users, however, show impaired sensitivity to temporal fine structure, which hampers their use of pitch contours and spatial cues to segregate competing talkers. In previous short-term animal studies, we used intraneural (IN) electrodes to stimulate pathways originating from various cochlear turns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImaging Neurosci (Camb)
October 2024
Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
What factors determine the importance placed on different sources of evidence during speech and music perception? Attention-to-dimension theories suggest that, through prolonged exposure to their first language (L1), listeners become biased to attend to acoustic dimensions especially informative in that language. Given that selective attention can modulate cortical tracking of sounds, attention-to-dimension accounts predict that tone language speakers would show greater cortical tracking of pitch in L2 speech, even when it is not task-relevant, as well as an enhanced ability to attend to pitch in both speech and music. Here, we test these hypotheses by examining neural sound encoding, dimension-selective attention, and cue-weighting strategies in 54 native English and 60 Mandarin Chinese speakers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
August 2025
Rose F. Kennedy Center, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Motivation: Altered auditory processing likely contributes to core social and attentional impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The auditory steady-state response (ASSR)- a neural measure of auditory processing and cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance-has yielded mixed results in ASD. This study uses high density electroencephalography (EEG) to evaluate ASSR in ASD and unaffected siblings to clarify neural mechanisms underlying auditory deficits in autism.
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