Longer duration of kangaroo care improves neurobehavioral performance and feeding in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To investigate the effect of kangaroo care (KC) and its duration on neurobehavioral performance, stress response, breastfeeding success, and vital signs in premature infants.

Methods: One hundred and twenty premature infants were randomized to receive either KC for 60 min daily, KC for 120 min daily or conventional care (controls) for at least 7 days. Salivary cortisol was measured before and after the first KC session and then after 7 days. Temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded, before and after KC. Neonates were evaluated by the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS).

Results: Both KC groups demonstrated higher scores for attention, arousal, regulation, nonoptimal reflexes, and quality of movements and lower scores for handling, excitability, and lethargy, compared to controls (p < 0.05). Both KC groups had higher infant breastfeeding assessment tool score and reached full enteral feeds faster than controls (p < 0.05). After the first KC session, improvement in O saturation and temperature was observed in KC 120-min group compared with the KC 60-min group (p < 0.05). Salivary cortisol decreased in both KC groups compared with controls after 7 days (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Preterm neonates who receive KC for long durations reach full enteral feeds faster, have better breastfeeding success, neurobehavioral performance, thermal control, and tissue oxygenation.