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Deciding when to exploit what is already known and when to explore new possibilities is crucial for adapting to novel and dynamic environments. Using reinforcement-based decision making, Costa et al. (2019) in this issue of Neuron find that neurons in the amygdala and ventral-striatum differentially signal the benefit from exploring new options and exploiting familiar ones.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.021 | DOI Listing |
Neuron
August 2019
Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Electronic address:
Deciding when to exploit what is already known and when to explore new possibilities is crucial for adapting to novel and dynamic environments. Using reinforcement-based decision making, Costa et al. (2019) in this issue of Neuron find that neurons in the amygdala and ventral-striatum differentially signal the benefit from exploring new options and exploiting familiar ones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAging (Albany NY)
October 2018
Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China.
Frontal cortical dysfunction is a fundamental pathology contributing to age-associated behavioral and cognitive deficits that predispose older adults to neurodegenerative diseases. It is established that aging increases the risk of frontal cortical dysfunction; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we used an integrative meta-analysis to combine five frontal cortex microarray studies with a combined sample population of 161 younger and 155 older individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChin Med J (Engl)
November 2008
Murad Research Institute for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
Background: The chronic pathological changes in vascular walls of hypertension may exert destructive effects on multiple organ systems. Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory reactions are involved in the pathological changes of hypertension. Three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been identified: PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PPARgamma, all of which have multiple biological effects, especially the inhibition of inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropsychopharmacology
February 2007
Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a cortical area involved in selecting and retaining information to produce complex behaviors. Within the PFC, the dopaminergic system plays an important role in information processing. Thus, the objective of this study was to test whether bilateral administration of the D1 and D2 receptor antagonists in the prelimbic region of the PFC influenced the performance of mice in a non-associative spatial learning task.
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