Pain management interventions in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit: A scoping review.

Objective: To map research based pain management interventions used in the paediatric intensive care unit.

Methodology: A scoping review of research literature has been conducted. Five databases were searched from their inception to end 2015 (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global). Reference lists from the screened full text articles were reviewed.

Results: 7046 articles were identified, 100 underwent full text screening and 27 were included in the scoping review. Seventeen (63%) were non-experimental, and 10 (37%) were experimental, of which 8 (30%) were randomised controlled trials. The majority of the articles focused on pharmacological interventions (n = 21, 78%), one on physical, and one on psychological interventions. Four studies included more than one category of interventions. The majority of the studies focused on post-operative pain management (n = 18, 67%), three (11%) on analgesia and sedation management and six (22%) on other pain management for different conditions.

Discussion: Most studies included in this scoping review focused on medications and post-operative pain management and most were non clinical trials. More research, including clinical trials, is warranted to determine the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for pain management in the paediatric intensive care unit.