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Allometry determines how tree shape and function scale with each other, related through size. Allometric relationships help scale processes from the individual to the global scale and constitute a core component of vegetation models. Allometric relationships have been expected to emerge from optimisation theory, yet this does not suitably predict empirical data. Here we argue that the fusion of high-resolution data, such as those derived from airborne laser scanning, with individual-based forest modelling offers insight into how plant size contributes to large-scale biogeochemical processes. We review the challenges in allometric scaling, how they can be tackled by advances in data-model fusion, and how individual-based models can serve as data integrators for dynamic global vegetation models.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.15810 | DOI Listing |
J Helminthol
September 2025
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, https://ror.org/00jxshx33South Valley University, Qena, Qena Governorate, 83523, Egypt.
The taxonomic status of Oshmarin, Mamaev & Parukhin, 1961 () and Manter, 1963 is controversial due to overlap/confusion in distinctive diagnostic characteristics for each genus and morphological/allometric ambiguity among some of their representatives and/or within records of the same species. To address these in-depth, morphological descriptions, molecular characterizations, and species delimitation analyses were conducted using a combination of comparative morphology, molecular phylogeny, multivariate analyses, and host-parasite data. Following a comprehensive review, a refined restricted concept of and is proposed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Control Release
September 2025
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address:
The development of continuous-release devices or injectables for the long-term delivery of biologics is of great interest, especially monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that require frequent, high-dose injections. Preclinical testing of these technologies in murine models is necessary for clinical translation; however, xenogeneic responses to the mAb and foreign body responses to the implants or injectables can confound results. Immune system knockout (KO) models that affect immune cells are often used in these experiments, but the effects of KO models on mAb pharmacokinetics (PK) are not well characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Sports Act Living
August 2025
Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
Introduction: Power profiling is widely used in cycling performance analysis, but both absolute and mass-normalized power outputs have limitations as performance indicators, as they neglect external factors such as terrain, wind, aerodynamic drag, and pacing strategy. To address these limitations, this study introduced a numerical method to quantify how external forces acting on the cyclist influence the conversion of power output into race velocity. Thus, the study aimed to enable accurate prediction of cycling performance based on estimated mean power output over complex time-trial courses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
September 2025
Laboratório de Inteligência Artificial, Robótica e Cibernética (LIARC), Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Praça Gen. Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil.
Biological control in plant-insect systems represents a fundamental challenge in theoretical ecology, particularly within agricultural systems. This challenge is amplified by climate change, which, through increasing temperatures, has induced variations in insect body size, altering their ecological interactions and, consequently, their abundance. Although allometric relationships provide a static description of the relationship between body size, metabolism, and population density, dynamic models are needed to adequately simulate agroecological systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeerJ
September 2025
Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland.
Tympanal organs, crucial for anti-bat defence in moths and key for taxonomy, are often overlooked due to their fragility during dissection. Using micro-CT, we analyzed the tympanal organs of 19 geometrid species, comparing diurnal and nocturnal species to understand how predators, like bats and diurnal birds or lizards, influence tympanal morphology and its allometric relationship with body size. We hypothesized that diurnal moths, with reduced anti-bat function, would have smaller tympanal organs, irrespective of body size.
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