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Polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene and functionalized by a quaternary ammonium cation anion site is used as the membrane of a hydrogencarbonate (i.e., bicarbonate) ion-selective electrode. The polystyrene matrix membrane improves the selectivity towards interfering lipophilic ions in comparison to previously described polyvinyl chloride membranes. The reason for this behaviour is sought in coupled ion-exchange and pore-diffusion processes in the membrane and the resulting kinetic discrimination of interfering ions. The electrode is successfully used for determination of bicarbonates in mineral drinking waters. The simplex method is employed to refine the analytical outcome.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061268 | DOI Listing |
Molecules
November 2020
Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management (ISWA), University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
Phosphonates are widely used as antiscalants for softening processes in drinking water treatment. To prevent eutrophication and accumulation in the sediment, it is desirable to remove them from the membrane concentrate before they are discharged into receiving water bodies. This study describes batch experiments with synthetic solutions and real membrane concentrate, both in the presence of and absence of granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), to better understand the influence of ions on phosphonate and phosphate adsorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
March 2019
Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene and functionalized by a quaternary ammonium cation anion site is used as the membrane of a hydrogencarbonate (i.e., bicarbonate) ion-selective electrode.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chim Acta
October 2009
Saratov State University, Chemistry Institute, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
Gel-based and membrane-based flow-through immunoassay formats were investigated for rapid ochratoxin A (OTA) detection in red wine. The flow-through set-up consisted of an antibody containing gel or membrane placed at the bottom of a standard solid-phase extraction column (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTalanta
April 2005
Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, Barcelona, Spain.
The aim of this paper is to review recent literature regarding the determination of phosphorus species by ion chromatography (IC), and describe the implementation of new developments in sample treatment and ion chromatography methodology for the analysis of these compounds. Ion-exchange methods using both carbonate/hydrogencarbonate and hydroxide selective columns in combination with self-regenerating membrane and solid-phase-based suppressors enable determination of phosphate down to ppb levels. New technology, particularly on-line electrolytic hydroxide generators and electrolytic self-regenerating suppressor devices, has allowed the use of elution gradients in both carbonate/hydrogencarbonate and hydroxide selective systems, improving sensitivity and reducing total analysis time for samples containing phosphate together with other inorganic anions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochim Biophys Acta
June 2008
Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, D 45470 Mülheim an der an Ruhr, Germany.
Since the end of the 1950s hydrogencarbonate ('bicarbonate') is discussed as a possible cofactor of photosynthetic water-splitting, and in a recent X-ray crystallography model of photosystem II (PSII) it was displayed as a ligand of the Mn(4)O(x)Ca cluster. Employing membrane-inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) and isotope labelling we confirm the release of less than one (~0.3) HCO(3)(-) per PSII upon addition of formate.
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