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Antibiotic research and development (R&D) has failed to produce innovative antibiotics in the past two decades, which is due to both scientific and economic factors. We reviewed national and international funding agencies and critically assessed current grant funding mechanisms. Finally, we propose four complementary grant-funding incentives aimed to help developers along the R&D pipeline. Equally important objective of these incentives is to address some of the known R&D risks and bottlenecks.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110518782911 | DOI Listing |
BMC Glob Public Health
September 2025
Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
Background: Sierra Leone has the world's third highest incidence of maternal mortality, with 443 deaths per 100,000 live births. Strengthening the country's midwifery workforce is essential to providing adequate maternal healthcare and reducing preventable perinatal mortality. In support of this goal, we developed and implemented a midwifery preceptor program (MPP) to train experienced midwives to effectively mentor new and student midwives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome Biol
September 2025
Center for Genomic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, , Massachusetts General Hospital Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5.238,, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Background: Rare genetic variation provided by whole genome sequence datasets has been relatively less explored for its contributions to human traits. Meta-analysis of sequencing data offers advantages by integrating larger sample sizes from diverse cohorts, thereby increasing the likelihood of discovering novel insights into complex traits. Furthermore, emerging methods in genome-wide rare variant association testing further improve power and interpretability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Toxicol
September 2025
Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
The transition from traditional animal-based approaches and assessments to New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) marks a scientific revolution in regulatory toxicology, with the potential of enhancing human and environmental protection. However, implementing the effective use of NAMs in regulatory toxicology has proven to be challenging, and so far, efforts to facilitate this change frequently focus on singular technical, psychological or economic inhibitors. This article takes a system-thinking approach to these challenges, a holistic framework for describing interactive relationships between the components of a system of interest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi
September 2025
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
Severe pneumonia remains a major threat to human health, particularly in patients who progress to sepsis, with immune dysregulation playing a central role in its pathophysiological mechanism. Although immunomodulatory therapies have evolved alongside our improved understanding of immune imbalance, conflicting clinical evidence persists. For example, agents targeting similar pathways may produce divergent outcomes, while those with opposing mechanisms of action may yield comparable results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Hum Genet
September 2025
Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, UK. Electronic address:
Multiplex assays of variant effect (MAVEs) provide promising new sources of functional evidence, potentially empowering improved classification of germline genomic variants, particularly rare missense variants, which are commonly assigned as variants of uncertain significance (VUSs). However, paradoxically, quantification of clinically applicable evidence strengths for MAVEs requires construction of "truthsets" comprising missense variants already robustly classified as pathogenic and benign. In this study, we demonstrate how benign truthset size is the primary driver of applicable functional evidence toward pathogenicity (PS3).
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