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Introduction: Two-wheel bike riding can be a goal for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and a means of participating in physical activity. It is possible for some children with CP to ride a two-wheel bike; however, currently far fewer can ride compared with their typically developing peers. Evidence supports training targeted towards goals of the child with CP and their family; yet there is little evidence to guide best-practice bike skills training. Task-specific training may lead to attainment of two-wheel bike-specific goals. This study aims to determine if a novel task-specific approach to training two-wheel bike skills is more effective than a parent-led home programme for attaining individualised two-wheel bike-specific goals in independently ambulant children with CP aged 6-15 years.
Methods And Analysis: Sixty eligible children with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I-II) aged 6-15 years with goals relating to riding a two-wheel bike will be randomised to either a novel task-specific centre-based group programme (intervention) or a parent-led home-based programme (comparison), both involving a 1-week intervention period. The primary outcome is goal attainment in the week following the intervention period (T1). Secondary outcomes include: goal attainment and participation in physical activity at 3 months postintervention (T2) and bike skills, attendance and involvement in bike riding, self-perception and functional skills at T1 and T2. Economic appraisal will involve cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses. Adherence of clinicians and parents to the intervention and comparison protocols will be assessed. Linear and logistic regression will be used to assess the effect of the intervention, adjusted for site as used in the randomisation process.
Ethics And Dissemination: This study was approved by the Human Research and Ethics Committees at The Royal Children's Hospital (#36209). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Trial Registration Number: NCT03003026; Pre-results.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019898 | DOI Listing |
Front Physiol
August 2025
School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China.
BMX Freestyle, a newly recognized Olympic discipline, demands athletes perform intricate, high-intensity maneuvers during 60-s competitive runs. Despite the sport's rapid evolution, there is a notable scarcity of scientific investigation into the distinct physiological and physical attributes of its athletes. This preliminary review synthesizes the extant literature to delineate the key physiological and physical characteristics of BMX Freestyle athletes and to identify pressing directions for future research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAge Ageing
August 2025
Department of Physical Therapy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Faculty of Health Sciences, Be'er Sheva, South District, Israel.
Background: Perturbation balance training (PBT) is an effective regime that reduces fall rates by triggering and improving balance recovery skills. Controlling trunk movements consistently reflects effective reactive stepping, as it enhances proximal stability, providing a stable base for limb movements.
Objective: To demonstrate the effect of PBT during seated hands-free stationery cycling on objective balance parameters of reactive and proactive balance control in standing.
Neural Netw
August 2025
Department of Life Sciences, Department of Computer Sciences École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Machine Learning Research Unit, Technical University of Vienna (TU Wien), Austria. Electronic address:
"You never forget how to ride a bike", - but how is that possible? The brain is able to learn complex skills, stop the practice for years, learn other skills in between, and still retrieve the original knowledge when necessary. The mechanisms of this capability, referred to as lifelong learning (or continual learning, CL), are unknown. We suggest a bio-plausible meta-plasticity rule building on classical work in CL which we summarize in two principles: (i) neurons are context selective, and (ii) a local availability variable partially freezes the plasticity if the neuron was relevant for previous tasks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccid Anal Prev
October 2025
Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands. Electronic address:
Falls are a significant cause of injury among cyclists, highlighting the need for effective fall prevention interventions. However, ex-ante evaluation of such interventions remains challenging for engineers designing safer infrastructure and bicycles, as well as for safety professionals developing training programs. This study proposes the Maximum Allowable Handlebar Disturbance (MAHD) - the largest external handlebar disturbance a cyclist can recover from - as a performance indicator for evaluating fall prevention interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Act Health
August 2025
Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Background: Active travel to/from school can contribute to adolescents' overall physical activity. This study aimed to examine factors that stimulate or discourage 12- to 15-year-old adolescents' cycling to/from school from the perspective of adolescents, parents, and teachers in 5 European countries.
Methods: We conducted concept mapping sessions with 437 secondary school students, 89 parents, and 72 teachers.