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http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.22004 | DOI Listing |
Dimens Crit Care Nurs
July 2025
Background: Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring was introduced in the 1990s to assess the depth of sedation in operating rooms. It is a valuable tool that requires sensor placement on the patient's forehead, setup of the monitor, and subsequent monitoring by a trained health care professional. In recent years, registered nurses have used BIS monitoring in critical care units to assess patient sedation levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
June 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
Non-operating room anesthesia (NORA) is a rapidly growing domain for anesthesia professionals due to advances in procedural technology and increased emphasis on patient comfort. The majority of these procedures are conducted under monitored anesthesia care (MAC) where patients receive varying levels of sedation. Analysis of the Anesthesia Closed Claims database suggests that adverse respiratory events continue to be the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing NORA procedures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Health Syst Pharm
June 2025
Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Purpose: To assess changes in prescribing practice after implementation of a medication-focused order set for acute agitation management in a pediatric emergency department (ED).
Methods: Patients 5 to 18 years of age who presented to the St. Louis Children's Hospital ED for behavioral health concerns between September 1, 2020, and October 31, 2022, were included.
J Clin Psychopharmacol
June 2025
Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center (CECORC), Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA.
Background: Intramuscular (IM) lorazepam is administered to acutely agitated patients. During a lorazepam shortage, midazolam was selected as the IM benzodiazepine of choice at this study location. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of IM haloperidol, diphenhydramine, and midazolam in treating acutely agitated patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNurs Crit Care
May 2025
Department of Children's Nursing, London South Bank University, London, UK.
Background: The administration of analgesia and sedation is essential for patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). However, over-sedation can cause side effects, including iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS). The use of nurse-led analgesia and sedation protocols may improve patient outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF