Archaeal fibrillarin-Nop5 heterodimer 2'--methylates RNA independently of the C/D guide RNP particle.

Archaeal fibrillarin (aFib) is a well-characterized -adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent RNA 2'--methyltransferase that is known to act in a large C/D ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex together with Nop5 and L7Ae proteins and a box C/D guide RNA. In the reaction, the guide RNA serves to direct the methylation reaction to a specific site in tRNA or rRNA by sequence complementarity. Here we show that a aFib-Nop5 heterodimer can alone perform SAM-dependent 2'--methylation of 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs in vitro independently of L7Ae and C/D guide RNAs. Using tritium-labeling, mass spectrometry, and reverse transcription analysis, we identified three in vitro 2'--methylated positions in the 16S rRNA of , positions lying outside of previously reported pyrococcal C/D RNP methylation sites. This newly discovered stand-alone activity of aFib-Nop5 may provide an example of an ancestral activity retained in enzymes that were recruited to larger complexes during evolution.