Category Ranking
98%
Total Visits
921
Avg Visit Duration
2 minutes
Citations
20
Article Abstract
Objectives: Hypo/reduced activity in motor response inhibition (RI) cerebral networks was recently proposed as a promising specific neurobiological marker of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Before adopting such a pattern as a key diagnosis tool, we aim to replicate in an independent study the mechanisms underlying reduced RI-related activity in ADHD, after controlling for potentially confounding effects.
Methods: In this fMRI study, we investigated the neural networks mediating successful and failed motor RI in children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC) using the stop-signal task (SST) paradigm.
Results: In contrast to hypofrontality predictions, children with ADHD exhibit increased neural activity during successful response inhibition in an RI-related brain network encompassing the indirect and/or hyperdirect pathways between the basal ganglia and cortex. Voxel-based morphometry analyses have further evidenced reduced grey matter volume in the left caudate in children with ADHD, which paralleled higher functional responses. Finally, connectivity analyses disclosed tighter coupling between a set of cortical regions and the right caudate as well as the right IFG, networks involved in successful RI.
Conclusions: Hypo/reduced activity in RI cerebral networks in children with ADHD cannot at this time be considered as a systematic biomarker for ADHD.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2016.1237040 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Chronic early-life obesity linked to childhood impulsivity predicts long-term psychosis trajectory through dose-dependent cerebellar dysmaturation in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging
September 2025
Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
Background: Recent epidemiological evidence links early-life obesity and metabolic dysregulation to adult psychosis vulnerability, though a causal relationship remains unclear. Establishing causality in highly heritable psychotic disorders requires: 1) demonstrating that early-life metabolic factors mediate between genetic vulnerability and psychosis trajectory, 2) dissecting mechanisms leading to early-life obesity in genetically vulnerable individuals, and 3) clarifying downstream neurodevelopmental pathways linking early-life obesity to psychosis symptoms.
Methods: Here we investigated bidirectional pathways linking behavioral, BMI, and neurodevelopment trajectories in a unique longitudinal cohort of 184 individuals at high genetic risk for psychosis, due to 22q11.
Exploring the sensory profile and pharmacogenetic biomarkers in child and youth ADHD patients undergoing methylphenidate (MPH) treatment: a systematic review conducted in European studies.
J Psychiatr Res
September 2025
Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Genetics Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain; Fund
Methylphenidate (MPH) is the first-line treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a condition that disrupts daily functioning. Research indicates that individuals with ADHD often experience sensory processing impairments, regardless of co-occurring conditions. Given the growing interest in pharmacogenetics to personalise treatments and minimise side effects, this study aims to characterise the sensory profiles of in child and youth ADHD patients treated with MPH and investigate potential pharmacogenetic biomarkers that could be associated with treatment outcomes or sensory-related side effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: Comparative actigraphy and questionnaire assessment in ASD, ADHD, and controls.
Sleep Med
September 2025
Regional Epilepsy Center, Operative Unit of Childhood and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Background: Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), yet few studies have combined objective and subjective measures. The objectives of this study were to evaluate sleep patterns and sleep hygiene in children with ADHD and ASD compared age-matched typically developing children, using both parent-reported questionnaires and actigraphy, to assess the concordance between these measures, and to determine the clinical applicability of actigraphy in this population.
Methods: Sixty children with NDD (30 ASD, 30 ADHD) and 40 typically developing controls, matched for age, underwent seven nights of actigraphic recording.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and childhood neurodevelopment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLoS Med
September 2025
Perinatal Epidemiology Group, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes for the child, though no recent comprehensive meta-analyses exist. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental disabilities, intelligence, and educational outcomes.
Methods And Findings: A search was conducted of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases from inception until 18 September 2024.
Genetic Variants Linked to Dyslexia Co-Morbid ADHD: A Case Study of a Pakistani Outpatient.
J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol
September 2024
Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington DC 20059, USA.
Developmental Dyslexia (DD) and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that often coexist and share complex genetic underpinnings. Our case study integrates psychological assessments and whole exome sequencing to explore the genetic basis of DD and ADHD co-occurrence in a single proband (a nine-year-old female born to healthy) from a consanguineous Pakistani family. We present a proband with symptoms of impulsivity, inattention, and severe hyperactive behavior, along with speech impairment and moderate learning disabilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF