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During bipedal locomotor activities, humans use elements of quadrupedal neuronal limb control. Evolutionary constraints can help inform the historical ancestry for preservation of these core control elements support transfer of the huge body of quadrupedal non-human animal literature to human rehabilitation. In particular, this has translational applications for neurological rehabilitation after neurotrauma where interlimb coordination is lost or compromised. The present state of the field supports including arm activity in addition to leg activity as a component of gait retraining after neurotrauma.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-016-4715-4 | DOI Listing |
Bull Math Biol
August 2025
Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, 1200 E University Blvd, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA.
This work presents a three-dimensional fully-coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model of a pulsing soft coral polyp where the movement of the tentacles is driven by a prescribed active tension during contraction with a passive expansion due to the elastic behavior of the tentacles. The resulting motion of the tentacles is emergent rather than prescribed. This approach allows one to determine how the coral's underlying morphology, mechanics, and neural activation affect its kinematics and the resulting fluid motion, which has implications for soft robotic design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
August 2025
Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
Vertebrate locomotion is due to the interplay of neural oscillators and sensory feedback loops in the spinal cord that interact with the body and the environment. Here, we study these circuits with a focus on undulatory locomotion as produced by elongated fish such as eels and lampreys. We address three questions: i) How do proprioception (stretch feedback) and exteroception (pressure on skin) interact with local oscillators to generate stable swimming patterns? ii) Can these feedback loops also contribute to dry ground locomotion? iii) Can they explain the remarkable robustness of eels against spinal cord transections? To address these questions, we developed abstract models of the locomotion circuits based on coupled phase oscillators, local stretch and pressure feedback loops, and simulated muscle models that were tested both in simulation and with a real undulatory robot.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Biomech (Bristol)
August 2025
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Electronic address:
Background: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction would demonstrate altered movement variability during walking on a split-belt treadmill, where the belts can move at the same speed or two different speeds, compared to uninjured control individuals.
Methods: Participants (14 with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (8 females; average age 21.3 years) and 14 matched controls) completed a split-belt treadmill paradigm of two conditions: baseline (3 min) and split (12 min; 2:1 belt speed ratio with test limb at 50 % of baseline speed).
J Neurophysiol
August 2025
Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura (FIMEDALT), Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.
Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) affects the nervous system's ability to stabilize motor tasks, primarily through changes in neuromuscular activation. Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding electromyographic responses under HH conditions, possibly due to a focus on individual muscle behaviors rather than intermuscular coordination. This study aimed to determine the effects of HH on surface electromyography-based cocontraction indices (CCIs) during a repetitive upper extremity task and to evaluate the impact of acute (<3 h) and prolonged (48 h) exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
June 2025
Mechanical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States.
Physics-based simulators for neuromechanical control of virtual animals have the potential to significantly enhance our understanding of intricate structure-function relationships in neuromuscular systems, their neural activity and motor control. However, a key challenge is the accurate prediction of the forces that muscle fibers produce based on their complex patterns of electrical activity ("spike trains") while preserving model simplicity for broader applicability. In this study, we present a chemomechanical, three-dimensional finite-element muscle model - JiSuJi (pronounced , meaning "ultrafast muscle" in Chinese) - that efficiently and accurately predicts muscle forces from naturalistic spike trains.
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