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Benzamides and tryptamine are biologically significant compounds, therefore, various benzamide analogous of tryptamine have been efficiently synthesized using tryptamine and different benzoyl chlorides, in order to find new biologically active compounds. The resulting products were then characterized by melting point determination, calculation of Rf values and LC-MS techniques. At last, structure activity relationship (SAR) of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against two microbial strains; Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. All the five prepared products have shown high yield, sharp characterization and significant resistance against the growth of tested microorganism, providing a new range of tryptamine based benzamide derivatives having significant antimicrobial activities.
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Adv Emerg Nurs J
September 2025
Author Affiliations: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina (Dr Weant); and Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Dr Gregory).
Migraine is an often-disabling condition and a common presentation to the Emergency Department (ED). Rapid and effective treatment are essential to reduce symptom burden, prevent recurrence, and improve patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive, evidence-based overview of the pharmacologic management of acute migraine in the ED, including first-line therapies, rescue medications, adjunctive care strategies, and considerations for special populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiol Plant
September 2025
Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain.
Waterlogging, increasingly intensified by climate change, limits oxygen availability in the root zone, disrupting carbon and sugar metabolism, leading to energy deficits and oxidative stress that ultimately impair plant growth and productivity. Melatonin, a versatile signaling molecule, mitigates waterlogging-induced stress by enhancing anaerobic respiration and fermentation under oxygen-deprived conditions, upregulating stress-responsive genes, and restoring energy balance through optimized sugar metabolism. It also reduces oxidative damage by strengthening the antioxidant defense system and further improves stress tolerance by modulating phytohormone signaling and influencing rhizosphere microbiome dynamics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDent Med Probl
September 2025
Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Ranjeet Deshmukh Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, India.
Gingivitis is defined as the inflammation of the gums. The condition may spread to other parts of the periodontium, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, and lead to bony defects. Melatonin has a positive impact on the bone healing process, a phenomenon attributable to its antioxidant properties, as well as its capacity to regulate bone cells and promote angiogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
September 2025
School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Dynamic changes in dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin release are believed to causally contribute to the neural computations that support reward-based decision making. Accordingly, changes in signaling by these systems are hypothesized to underwrite multiple cognitive and behavioral symptoms observed in many neurological disorders. Here, we characterize the release of these neurotransmitters measured concurrently in the caudate of patients with Parkinson's disease or essential tremor undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery as they played a social exchange game.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransl Psychiatry
August 2025
Collaborative for the Economics of Psychedelics (CEP), UC Berkeley/UC San Francisco Center for Global Health Delivery, Diplomacy, and Economics, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) has been shown in early trials to reduce the symptoms of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of PAT as a third-line treatment for major depressive disorder compared to standard of care (SOC). We used an individual-level, probabilistic simulation model that portrays representative US adults with TRD who receive SOC (pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and esketamine nasal spray) and PAT over 12 months.
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