Versatility of Pleuripotent Undifferentiated Stem Cells Aspirated from Bone Marrow and its Applications in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

Introduction: Bone marrow (BM) derived pleuripotent undifferentiated stem cells represent a promising population for supporting new concepts in cellular therapy.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the versatility of pleuripotent undifferentiated stem cells derived from BM aspiration and its applications in oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures.

Materials And Methods: A total of 30 patients out of which 15 were with hard tissue defects (cystic lesions n = 6, post surgical alveolar defects n = 4, peri implant defects n = 3, alveolar clefts n = 2) and 15 soft tissue lesions (leukoplakia and lichen planus n = 6, oral submucous fibrosis n = 7, post traumatic soft tissue loss n = 2) were included in the study on randomized clinical basis. The patients received autologous BM derived mononuclear cells which were being locally delivered into the lesion and followed up. The parameters used were (1) To compare and evaluate the bone regeneration by radiographic assessment at the end of 3rd and 6th month postoperatively. (2) Duration of the procedure. (3) Clinical improvement in the management of soft tissue lesions. (4) Assessment of wound healing by Vancouver burn scar assessment of wound. (5) Safety, postoperative infections and complications.

Results: For hard tissue lesions CT scans and OPG revealed adequate regenerated bone, bridging the defect after 3 months. Hounsfield units of regenerated bone after 6 months were more or less similar to native bone which was statistically significant (unpaired t test = p < 0.05). For soft tissue lesions (1) 7 cases of OSMF showed adequate clinical mouth opening (one way anova test = p < 0.05), reduction in burning sensation and blanching of mucosa, (2) 6 cases of leukoplakia and lichen planus and 2 cases of post traumatic soft tissue defects showed good clinical improvement by Vancouver burn scar assessment of wound index.

Conclusion: The study shows that there is a definite beneficial effect in bone regeneration and soft tissue wound healing with the use of BM-derived mononuclear cells.