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Molecules bearing one, two, three, or four copies of the tetrapeptide His-dPhe-Arg-Trp were attached to scaffolds based on ethylene glycol, glycerol, and d-mannitol by means of the copper-assisted azide-alkyne cyclization. The abilities of these compounds to block binding of a probe at the melanocortin 4 receptor were evaluated using a competitive binding assay. All of the multivalent molecules studied exhibited 30- to 40-fold higher apparent affinites when compared to a monovalent control. These results are consistent with divalent binding to receptor dimers. No evidence for tri- or tetravalent binding was obtained. Differences in the interligand spacing required for divalent binding, as opposed to tri- or tetravalent binding, may be responsible for these results.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ob01779c | DOI Listing |
Biosens Bioelectron
August 2025
Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy; SENSE4MED, via Bitonto 139, 00133, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:
Phytic acid is a phosphorylated derivative of myo-inositol that is ubiquitous in plants and serves as the primary storage form of phosphorus. In human nutrition, phytic acid is considered an anti-nutrient because it chelates essential minerals, including calcium, iron, and zinc. This binding action reduces the bioavailability of these metals, highlighting the importance of monitoring phytic acid in food.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInorg Chem
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
Rare-earth ions have garnered significant attention due to their large ionic radii and unique electronic configurations. In this study, two scandium-based pyrophosphates, ASc(PO) (A = Ba, Pb), were successfully synthesized by using a high-temperature melting method. They are the first reported examples of divalent cations binding to scandium-based pyrophosphates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRibosomal RNA (rRNA) modifications are important for ribosome function and can influence bacterial susceptibility to ribosome-targeting antibiotics. The universally conserved 16S rRNA nucleotide C1402, for example, is the only 2'- -methylated nucleotide in the bacterial small (30S) ribosomal subunit and this modification fine tunes the shape and structure of the peptidyl tRNA binding site. The Cm1402 modification is incorporated by the conserved bacterial 16S rRNA methyltransferase RsmI, but it is unclear how RsmI is able to recognize its 30S substrate and specifically modify its buried target nucleotide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCas9 is a metal-dependent nuclease that has revolutionized gene editing across diverse cells and organisms exhibiting varying ion uptake, metabolism, and concentrations. However, how divalent metals impact its catalytic function, and consequently its editing efficiency in different cells, remains unclear. Here, extensive molecular simulations, Markov State Models, biochemical and NMR experiments, demonstrate that divalent metals - Mg , Ca , and Co - promote activation of the catalytic HNH domain by binding within a dynamically forming divalent metal binding pocket (DBP) at the HNH-RuvC interface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
September 2025
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan. Electronic address:
The aim of this study is to provide valuable knowledge for developing a biological material effective in recovering and removing metals from solutions. Yeast was used as the base material. Yeast, a homogeneous material with a rigid cell wall, is inexpensive, readily available (it can even be obtained from brewer's waste), and amenable to chemical and genetic modification.
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