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Non-enveloped enteric viruses, such as Human Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus, are readily transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Outbreaks are often prolonged due to the ability of these viruses to survive on environmental surfaces, on foods, and in water. Delineation of properties impacting enteric virus transfer and persistence in the environment has been the focus of several recent publications and is the topic of this review. Such information is important for modeling transmission scenarios, identifying risks of food-borne and water-borne virus contamination, and targeting prevention and control efforts for risk mitigation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2013.12.003 | DOI Listing |
Appl Environ Microbiol
September 2025
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Unlabelled: Although wastewater treatment plants harbor many pathogens, traditional methods that monitor the microbial quality of surface water and wastewater have not changed since the early 1900s and often disregard the presence of other types of significant waterborne pathogens such as viruses. We used metagenomics and quantitative PCR to assess the taxonomy, functional profiling, and seasonal patterns of DNA and RNA viruses, including the virome distribution in aquatic environments receiving wastewater discharges. Environmental water samples were collected at 11 locations in Winnipeg, Manitoba, along the Red and Assiniboine rivers during the Spring, Summer, and Fall 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfect Genet Evol
September 2025
Next Generation Sequencing Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Division of Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Electronic address: N
The sub-Saharan African region bears the highest burden of rotavirus-associated morbidity and mortality, with substantial genetic diversity observed in circulating strains despite vaccine introduction. The G8 genotype, originally predominant in bovine strains, has increasingly become prevalent in humans, suggesting a possible interface of animal-to-human transmission and highlighting its role in African strain diversity. In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing and evolutionary analysis of 21 archival G8P[4] strains collected through gastroenteritis surveillance in South Africa between 2009 and 2021 from children under five years of age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Microbiol
September 2025
Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Porcine sapovirus (PoSaV) is an emerging enteric pathogen in swine industry, primarily associated with diarrhea in weaning and post-weaning pigs. To date, eight genogroups of PoSaVs have been identified, with genogroup III (GIII) being the most prevalent worldwide. However, the isolation of field strains in various cell lines has achieved limited success, hindering progress in PoSaV research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Virol
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Changchun, China.
Raccoon dog parvovirus (RDPV) is a highly contagious pathogen causing severe hemorrhagic enteritis that is fatal in young raccoon dogs. Since 2016, epidemiological investigations have documented recurrent outbreaks of RDPV, exhibiting heightened virulence; however, the molecular mechanisms driving this increased pathogenicity remain poorly understood. In this study, an alignment of 67 complete RDPV sequences identified two high-frequency amino acid mutations at positions 27 and 297 in the VP2 capsid protein that distinguish RDPV strains from before and after the 2016 outbreak.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Microbiol
August 2025
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China. Electronic address:
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is one of the major pathogen causing swine diarrhea, inducing acute severe atrophic enteritis and lethal watery diarrhea in neonatal piglets with up to 100 % mortality, resulting in significant economic losses to the swine industry. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is known as an invasion receptor for SARS-CoV-2, but its role in TGEV infection remains unclear, and the current understanding of TGEV infection mechanisms is incomplete. In this study, we identified an important role for porcine ACE2 (pACE2) in TGEV infection.
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