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T cells are essential for protective immunity against pathogens and malignancies. While the initial activation of a naive T cell is slow, antigen-experienced or memory T cells mount near-immediate protective responses through their remarkable capacity to instantaneously reactivate inflammatory gene programs upon antigen rechallenge. Evidence is emerging that this immunological memory is underpinned by dynamic changes at the chromatin level or epigenome of T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContextual and psychosocial factors predicting sanitation behaviours in rural Indonesia.
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Background: Rural areas in the Southern hemisphere bear the brunt of inadequate sanitation services and high prevalence of open defecation. Our study in an Indonesian remote village underscores the critical role of psychosocial factors influencing sanitation behavior in such marginalised communities. This study explores contextual and RANAS (Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-regulation) psychosocial factors determining sanitation behaviour in rural Indonesia.
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Interactions between the context in which a sensorimotor skill is learned and the recall of that memory have been primarily studied in limb movements, but speech production requires movement, and many aspects of speech processing are influenced by task-relevant contextual information. Here, in ecologically valid speech (read sentences), we test whether English-French bilinguals can use the language of production to acquire and recall distinct motor plans for similar speech sounds spanning the production workspace. Participants experienced real-time alterations of auditory feedback while producing interleaved English and French sentences.
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There is a broad consensus that the commonly used clinician-administered rating scales for assessment of negative symptoms share significant limitations, including (1) reliance upon accurate self-report and recall from the patient and caregiver; (2) potential for sampling bias and thus being unrepresentative of daily-life experiences; (3) subjectivity of the symptom scoring process and limited sensitivity to change. These limitations led a work group from the International Society of CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology (ISCTM) to initiate the development of a multimodal negative symptom instrument. Experts from academia and industry reviewed the current methods of assessing the domains of negative symptoms including diminished (1) affect; (2) sociality; (3) verbal communication; (4) goal-directed behavior; and (5) Hedonic drives.
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Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel; Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Experiencing and remembering objects using the sense of touch is an important aspect of our interactions with our environment, but the cognitive processes of long-term tactile memory for surface textures have not previously been studied. We administered a novel tactile texture memory span task, which required participants to identify new textures among a constantly increasing set of previously experienced stimuli. Performance on that task was compared to a span task employing novel visual objects.
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