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Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion within the Ataxin-2 (Atxn2) protein. Purkinje cells (PC) of the cerebellum fire irregularly and eventually die in SCA2. We show here that the type 2 small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK2) play a key role in control of normal PC activity. Using cerebellar slices from transgenic SCA2 mice we demonstrate that SK channel modulators restore regular pacemaker activity of SCA2 PCs. Furthermore, we also show that oral delivery of a more selective positive modulator of SK2/3 channels (NS13001) alleviates behavioral and neuropathological phenotypes of aging SCA2 transgenic mice. We conclude that SK2 channels constitute a therapeutic target for SCA2 treatment and that the developed selective SK2/3 modulator NS13001 holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of SCA2 and possibly other cerebellar ataxias.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.07.013 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
September 2025
Neonatology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
Purpose: To determine the experience of medication multiple in elderly patients with multiple chronic condition by systematically reviewing, retrieving, and synthesizing data from qualitative studies.
Methods: Nine databases were systematically searched for relevant contributions from the time of construction until October 30, 2024. All qualitative studies in English and Chinese exploring the real-life experiences, feelings, etc, of medication multiple in elderly patients with multiple chronic condition were included.
Cereb Cortex
August 2025
Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Centro-parietal electroencephalogram signals (centro-parietal positivity and error positivity) correlate with the reported level of confidence. According to recent computational work these signals reflect evidence which feeds into the computation of confidence, not directly confidence. To test this prediction, we causally manipulated prior beliefs to selectively affect confidence, while leaving objective task performance unaffected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
MS4A4A belongs to the MS4A tetraspan protein superfamily and is selectively expressed by the monocyte-macrophage lineage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of MS4A4A+ macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and response to treatment. RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry of synovial samples from either early treatment-naïve or active chronic RA patients showed that MS4A4A expression positively correlated with synovial inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Pharm Res
September 2025
Department of Biosciences, JIS University, 81, Nilgunj Road, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700109, India.
Bacoside A (BCA), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Bacopa monnieri, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer effects. In the present study, BCA demonstrates pronounced anticancer activity against K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells by modulating autophagy-apoptosis dynamics. BCA induces dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in K562 cells while sparing normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) and Vero cells, indicating therapeutic selectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRheumatol Int
September 2025
Clinical Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital in Kraków, Jakubowskiego 2, Kraków, 30-688, Poland.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by complex disturbances in both innate and adaptive immune responses, often leading to multi-organ involvement. One of the key features of SLE pathogenesis is endothelial dysfunction, which contributes to immune cell infiltration and vascular inflammation. In this context, adhesion molecules such as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) may reflect the degree of endothelial activation.
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