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We investigated humor as a context for learning about abstraction and disbelief. More specifically, we investigated how parents support humor understanding during book sharing with their toddlers. In Study 1, a corpus analysis revealed that in books aimed at 1-to 2-year-olds, humor is found more often than other forms of doing the wrong thing including mistakes, pretense, lying, false beliefs, and metaphors. In Study 2, 20 parents read a book containing humorous and non-humorous pages to their 19-to 26-month-olds. Parents used a significantly higher percentage of high abstraction extra-textual utterances (ETUs) when reading the humorous pages. In Study 3, 41 parents read either a humorous or non-humorous book to their 18-to 24-month-olds. Parents reading the humorous book made significantly more ETUs coded for a specific form of high abstraction: those encouraging disbelief of prior utterances. Sharing humorous books thus increases toddlers' exposure to high abstraction and belief-based language.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03640210801981841 | DOI Listing |
Unfallchirurgie (Heidelb)
September 2025
Klinik für Unfall‑, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
The bony consolidation of fractures depends on various factors. Under optimal conditions fracture healing takes place within a few weeks. An essential requirement for fracture healing is the restoration of adequate biomechanical stability with an interfragmentary movement which is as ideal as possible.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKhirurgiia (Mosk)
September 2025
Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9, named after G.N. Speransky, Moscow, Russia.
Background: The paper addresses an important section of pediatric combustiology - generalized meningococcal infection, associated with a severe course, the risk of disabling complications, life-threatening conditions, and high mortality.
Objective: The purpose of the study was to share the experience of treating patients with the sequelae of generalized bacterial infection caused by in a children's burn center.
Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 23 patients treated in the burn department for babies from 0 to 3 years of the Children's City Clinical Hospital No.
Khirurgiia (Mosk)
September 2025
Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia.
Objective: To validate and assess clinical efficacy of a prognostic model for predicting severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) based on inflammatory markers (IL-6, ΔIL-22), thromboelastography parameters (K-time) and the BISAP score.
Material And Methods: A prospective observational cohort study enrolled 181 patients with acute pancreatitis. Serum IL-6 and IL-22 were measured in 24 and 48 hours after clinical manifestation, respectively.
Khirurgiia (Mosk)
September 2025
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Objective: To evaluate diagnostic significance of IL-6 compared to CRP for early detection of anastomotic leakage after colon resection for colorectal cancer.
Material And Methods: The study included 277 patients who underwent total resection for colorectal cancer. Patients were retrospectively divided into three groups: without complications (=227), with anastomotic leakage (=30), and other postoperative complications (=20).
Khirurgiia (Mosk)
September 2025
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Objective: To analyze the most well-known studies devoted to completion pancreatectomy (CP) for postoperative complications after pancreatoduodenectomy.
Material And Methods: We analyzed original articles and reviews between 1992 and 2023 (number of patients ≥5 (5-120)).
Results: Mean blood loss in CP ranged from 500 to 2180 ml, surgery time - from 144 to 340 min.