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Genome Biol
May 2025
Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway.
Background: Venoms and their associated glands and delivery structures have evolved numerous times among animals. Within these venom systems, the molecular, cellular, and morphological components interact and co-evolve to generate distinct, venom phenotypes that are increasingly recognized as models for studying adaptive evolution. However, toxins are often unevenly distributed across venom-producing tissues in patterns that are not necessarily adaptive but instead likely result from constraints associated with protein secretion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Case Rep
March 2025
Department of Public Health Emergency, Humedica E.V, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Background: Leech infestations are rare but potentially serious medical conditions, often leading to hemorrhage and anemia. Leeches, which belong to the phylum Annelida and class Hirudinea, typically infest humans through contact with contaminated water or ingestion of unfiltered water. They attach to the mucosa of the aerodigestive tract, causing bleeding, and in severe cases, complications such as airway obstruction or severe anemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMalays Orthop J
November 2024
Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India.
Free fibula flap has been a workhorse for head, neck, and extremity long bone defects. We discuss the reconstruction challenge in an unusual hand injury case involving the loss of multiple metacarpals and soft tissue with surprising preservation of finger vascularity. The reconstructive goals were addressed with a microvascular osteocutaneous fibula flap transfer with multiple osteotomies to create spitting images of metacarpals and soft tissue defects restored with the skin paddle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpen Forum Infect Dis
November 2024
Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Dr. Antonius Suroyo, Semarang City, Central Java 50275, Indonesia.
Habitual betel quid consumption and spitting contribute to tuberculosis (TB) transmission due to direct exposure to pathogens, immunosuppression, and social contact. Despite betel quid being classified as a group 1 human carcinogen and a high prevalence of betel quid consumption in patients with TB, there exists a knowledge gap in the relationship between quid use and TB, which presents as a neglected opportunity to address the global burden of TB in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding such a knowledge gap is crucial when taking measures at various levels, including research prioritization, behavior change communication, and legislation to address the availability and access of quid products, coupled with community-based interventional strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Surg Case Rep
June 2024
Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, Saudi Arabia; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Introduction And Importance: Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a rare neoplasm arising from minor salivary glands, representing approximately 3 % of head and neck tumors. The clinical presentation of PLGA is defined as a painless, slow-growing tumor, mostly occurring in the palate. We report a case of PLGA with a rare presentation.
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