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Simulating a natural-looking virtual populace requires modeling different behavioral levels to mimic how people choose and organize their activities. A multilayer behavior model for crowd simulation can help developers endow each entity with high-level objectives built on top of a reactive and cognitive decision system.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2009.58 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
August 2025
Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, JPN.
Purpose Improved superelastic nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy wires (ISWs) can be used not only for aligning but also for closing the extraction space. The objective of this study was to measure and compare the force and moment generated during mandibular molar protraction using an ISW combined with either short or long hooks under simulated crowded dentition conditions. Materials and methods Assuming crowded dentition following mandibular first premolar extraction, we designed a three-tooth model simulating the canine, the second premolar, and the first molar.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBehav Res Methods
September 2025
Signal Processing Research Centre, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Computational models of early language development involve implementing theories of learning as functional learning algorithms, exposing these models to realistic language input, and comparing learning outcomes to those in infants. While recent research has made major strides in developing more powerful learning models and evaluation protocols grounded in infant data, models are still predominantly trained with non-naturalistic input data, such as crowd-sourced read speech or text transcripts. This is due to the lack of suitable child-directed speech (CDS) corpora in terms of scale and quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBull Math Biol
September 2025
School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 102616, PR China.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia in children. To uncover the effective interventions during an epidemic in crowded settings, we first develop a novel staged progression ordinary differential equation model for the transmission of Mp, incorporating the effects of isolation measures and correct diagnosis rate. The basic reproduction number is obtained by the next generation matrix approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
September 2025
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
Rigorous studies have characterized the aa-tRNA selection mechanism in bacteria, which is essential for maintaining translational fidelity. Recent investigations have identified critical distinctions in humans, such as the requirement of subunit rolling and a tenfold slower proofreading step. Although these studies captured key intermediates involved in tRNA selection, they did not elucidate the transitions of aa-tRNA between intermediates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
September 2025
Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
This paper characterizes the performance of 940 nm single-junction (1 J) and triple-junction (3 J) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays, tested at room temperature under 1.8 ns pulsed current injection. By suppressing thermal effects, the slope efficiency (SE) of the 1 J VCSEL array reaches 1.
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