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Listeners often complain that they have trouble following a conversation when the environment is noisy. The environment could be noisy because of the presence of other unrelated but meaningful conversations, or because of the presence of less meaningful sound sources such as ventilation noise. Both kinds of distracting sound sources produce interference at the auditory periphery (activate similar regions along the basilar membrane), and this kind of interference is called "energetic masking". However, in addition to energetic masking, meaningful sound sources, such as competing speech, can and do interfere with the processing of the target speech at more central levels (phonetic and/or semantic), and this kind of interference is often called informational masking. In this article we review what is known about informational masking of speech by competing speech, and the auditory and cognitive factors that determine its severity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.18.7.4 | DOI Listing |
Pediatr Res
September 2025
Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Background: Children with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) have a wide spectrum of possible neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Objectives: To describe neurodevelopmental (ND) Phenotypes of children with cCMV based on medical, developmental, and behavioral outcomes in childhood, and examine whether birth characteristics were associated with ND Phenotype.
Methods: Caregivers of children with cCMV (N = 242, child aged 12 months to <11 years) completed survey instruments reporting on the child's birth characteristics, reasons for cCMV testing, and present medical, developmental, and behavioral status.
J Voice
September 2025
Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address:
Objective: To analyze the association between the risk of voice disorders and sociodemographic, work, and general health factors in urban and rural school teachers.
Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study with 1705 teachers from urban schools and 202 from rural schools teaching elementary and high school in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The exclusion criteria were being retired or no longer teaching and/or not accepting to participate in the study.
Acta Psychol (Amst)
September 2025
Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Germany. Electronic address:
During language production we translate thoughts into articulated speech. While we know much about how different aspects of our thoughts are co-activated during lexical-semantic processing, the range of meaning dimensions that influence which words we choose to express our thoughts and experiences remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether (re)activations of bodily experiences have an impact on language production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCogn Psychol
September 2025
Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi, Japan. Electronic address:
Prior researches on global-local processing have focused on hierarchical objects in the visual modality, while the real-world involves multisensory interactions. The present study investigated whether the simultaneous presentation of auditory stimuli influences the recognition of visually hierarchical objects. We added four types of auditory stimuli to the traditional visual hierarchical letters paradigm:no sound (visual-only), a pure tone, a spoken letter that was congruent with the required response (response-congruent), or a spoken letter that was incongruent with it (response-incongruent).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomicro Lett
September 2025
Nanomaterials & System Lab, Major of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnosis, and robotic applications. Nevertheless, it remains a critical challenge to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical and electrical performance along with biocompatibility, adhesion, self-healing, and environmental robustness with excellent sensing metrics. Herein, we report a multifunctional, anti-freezing, self-adhesive, and self-healable organogel pressure sensor composed of cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CoN CNT) embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin (PVA/GLE) matrix.
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