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The present work reports the use of non-living non-recombinant bacteria as a delivery system for mucosal vaccination. Antigens are bound to the cell-wall of pretreated Lactococcus lactis, designated as Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM), by means of a peptidoglycan binding domain. The influence of the GEM particles on the antigen-specific serum antibody response was studied. Following nasal immunization with the GEM-based vaccines, antibody responses were induced at systemic and local levels. Furthermore, different GEM-based vaccines could be used consecutively in the same mice without adverse effects or loss of activity. Taken together, the results evidence the adjuvant properties of the GEM particles and indicate that GEM-based vaccines can be used repeatedly and are particularly suitable for nasal immunization purposes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.054 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
September 2025
Sterile Processing Department, Sichuan GEM Flower Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Chengdu, China.
Background: Luminal instruments are characterized by their slender internal lumens, which make them particularly challenging to clean and dry. A common drying method used by Sterile Processing Department (SPD) technicians involves blowing high-pressure air into one end of the lumen to expel moisture. However, this process generates a significant amount of aerosols that may contain bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Rep
September 2025
Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address:
The organization and biophysical properties of the cytoplasm influence all cellular reactions, including molecular interactions and the mobility of biomolecules. The cytoplasm does not behave like a simple fluid but is a densely crowded and highly organized environment. However, its detailed properties, the molecular mechanisms that control them, and how they influence the cellular biochemistry remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioconjug Chem
September 2025
Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Sciences - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India.
Among the available chemotherapeutic agents, gemcitabine (GEM) has demonstrated significant efficacy against various cancers. Nevertheless, its clinical application is restricted due to its poor pharmacokinetic properties, highlighting the need for improved drug delivery strategies. Here, Dual stimuli-responsive hybrid polymeric nanoparticles conjugating GEM have been developed using a chitosan alginate biopolymer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Deliv
December 2025
Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, I + D Farma, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is currently a leading cause of death worldwide and its incidence is expected to increase in the following years. Chemotherapy with gemcitabine (GEM) is precluded by extensive enzymatic inactivation and clearance, and the nonspecific tissue distribution contributes to unwanted systemic toxicity and tumor resistance. In this work, GEM was encapsulated in d-ɑ-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) micelles by 'stapling' GEM at 4-NH position with vitamin E succinate (VES) through a highly stable amide bond, achieving successful GEM hydrophobization by means of a prodrug system (VES-GEM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFColloids Surf B Biointerfaces
November 2025
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address:
Metastasis is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Inhibition of cancer growth and metastasis are equally important for cancer treatment. The current widely used nanocarrier-based drug delivery strategies for cancer therapy suffer from complex preparation processes, poor loading capacity, poor controllability and unknown toxicity.
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