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Non-steady-state kinetic studies reveal that the SN2 reaction between p-nitrophenoxide ion and methyl iodide in acetonitrile containing water follows a 2-step mechanism involving the formation of a kinetically significant intermediate.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b208635b | DOI Listing |
Front Physiol
August 2025
Department Of Sports Medicine and Active Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia.
Introduction: The traditional method for quantifying the kinetics of the increase in the body's consumption of oxygen ( O) during exercise transitions to steady state involves application of a mono-exponential function. Anomalies exist to question the validity of this method, as they show the initial (∼1 min) of this O response is linear.
Methods: Fourteen highly endurance trained subjects (12 males, 2 females) completed a ramp incremental cycling protocol, as well as 8 different constant load trials at 43 to 148 % of their critical power (CP).
Chemosphere
August 2025
Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Marine Toxicology, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address:
As feed in aquaculture can contain residues of xenobiotics the assessment of feed-to-fillet transfer is important from a food safety perspective. Typically, extensive feeding trials are needed to parametrize compartmental models to model non-steady state fillet uptake kinetics. To reduce the number of animal trials the current study provides a first step into applying in-silico tools to estimate kinetic parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtherosclerosis
May 2025
Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address:
Aim: Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is an important regulator of triglyceride (TG) metabolism and a target for intervention. The present study examined the effects of gain-of-function (GOF) variants in APOC3 on apolipoprotein B kinetics to understand further how changes in the synthesis of this apolipoprotein impact triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism.
Methods: Two groups of subjects were recruited by population screening, 9 carriers of known APOC3 GOF variants and 9 age-, sex- and BMI-matched non-carriers.
J Crit Care
February 2025
Adult Critical Care Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1FR, UK; Critical Care and Peri-operative Medicine Research Group, William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Purpose: During critical illness interpretation of serum creatinine is affected by non-steady state conditions, reduced creatinine generation, and altered distribution. We evaluated healthcare professionals' ability to adjudicate underlying kidney function, based on simulated creatinine values.
Methods: We developed an online survey, incorporating 12 scenarios with simulated trajectories of creatinine based on profiles of muscle mass, GFR and fluid balance using bespoke kinetic modelling.
Proc Biol Sci
October 2024
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
The metabolic cost of steady-state walking is well known; however, across legged animals, most walking bouts are too short to reach steady state. Here, we investigate how bout duration affects the metabolic cost of human walking with varying mechanical power, metabolic intensity and duration. Ten participants walked for 10- to 240-s bouts on a stair climber at 0.
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