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Stomata regulate gas exchange and are distributed across the leaf epidermis with characteristic spacing. Arabidopsis stomata are produced by asymmetric cell divisions. Mutations in the gene TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) disrupt patterning by randomizing the plane of formative asymmetric divisions and by permitting ectopic divisions. TMM encodes a leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor-like protein expressed in proliferative postprotodermal cells. TMM appears to function in a position-dependent signaling pathway that controls the plane of patterning divisions as well as the balance between stem cell renewal and differentiation in stomatal and epidermal development.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1069596 | DOI Listing |
Plant Cell Rep
September 2025
Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
Genome doubling did not enhance drought tolerance in alfalfa, but may set the stage for long-term adaptation to drought through a novel transcriptional landscape. Whole genome duplication (WGD) has been shown to enhance stress tolerance in plants. Cultivated alfalfa is autotetraploid, but diploid wild relatives are important sources of genetic variation for breeding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Physiol
September 2025
School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
Stomatal pores govern the tradeoff between CO₂ assimilation and water loss, and optimizing their performance is critical for crop resilience, particularly under dynamic field environments. Here, we show that overexpression of Triticum aestivum EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR1 (TaEPF1) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) reduces leaf stomatal density in a leaf surface-specific manner, with a greater decline on the abaxial surface than on the adaxial surface. TaEPF1 overexpressors exhibited substantially lower stomatal conductance than wild-type (WT) control plants, which resulted in diffusional constraints limiting photosynthesis when measured under monochromatic red light.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAoB Plants
October 2025
Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Hermosillo, Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, Los Arcos, Hermosillo, Sonora CP 83250, México.
To cope with heat and water stress, evergreen and deciduous species from hot and arid deserts should adjust their stomatal conductance ( ) and leaf water potential (Ψ) regulation in response to changes in soil water availability, high temperatures, and vapour pressure deficits (VPDs). To test whether phenology induces changes in -Ψ coordination, we tested for associations between 14 leaf traits involved in leaf economics, hydraulics, and stomatal regulation, including minimum seasonal water potential (Ψ) and maximum ( ), turgor loss point (Ψ), osmotic potential (Ψ), leaf area (LA), and specific leaf area (SLA), across 12 tree species from the Sonoran Desert with contrasting phenology. We found that foliar phenology, leaf hydraulics, and leaf economic traits are coordinated across species and organized along the axis of physiological efficiency and safety in response to temperature and VPD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
September 2025
The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel. Electronic address:
Tropospheric ozone (O) is a major air pollutant that negatively affects human health and vegetation, and plays a central role in climate change and atmospheric chemistry. Current simulations of tropospheric O concentrations in climate and air-quality models are significantly limited by the inaccurate representation of O dry deposition rate-particularly in urban areas, where field measurements remain scarce. We hypothesize that O dry deposition in the urban environment is controlled by factors similar to those over vegetation, albeit via potentially different mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
August 2025
College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
Saline-sodic stress not only impacts the absorption of nutrient ions, such as Zn, in rice but also induces physiological water shortages and ion toxicity in rice plants, significantly hindering their growth. To investigate this phenomenon, the present study utilized two rice varieties, 'Changbai 9' and 'Tonghe 899', as test subjects to simulate conditions of saline-sodic soil stress. Four-week-old rice seeds under four treatments: control (CT), 2 μmol L zinc treatment alone (Z), 50 mmol L saline-sodic treatment (S), and 50 mmol L saline-sodic treatment with 2 μmol L zinc (Z+S).
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