Substance basis and fermentation mechanism study of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Tibetan medicine Wuwei Ganlu based on JiuQu fermentation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Wuwei Ganlu, as an integral part of the Tibetan medical system known as "Sowa Rigpa" originates from the formulations documented in the "Four Tantras". It is recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage, representing a body of traditional knowledge and practice. Fermentation, a crucial step in the preparation of Wuwei Ganlu, has not been fully understood in terms of its mechanisms and its impact on the material basis and pharmacological efficacy of the medicine.