Clinical impact of pharmacogenetic risk variants in a large chinese cohort.

Incorporating pharmacogenetics into clinical practice promises to improve therapeutic outcomes by optimizing drug selection and dosage based on genetic factors affecting drug response. A key advantage of PGx-guided therapy is to decrease the likelihood of adverse events. To evaluate the clinical impact of PGx risk variants, we performed a retrospective study using genetic and clinical data from the largest Han Chinese cohort, comprising 486,956 individuals, assembled by the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative.

Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Exercise Performance among Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Whole-body vibration (WBV), an intervention for enhancing athletes' exercise performance (muscle strength and power), is often used either as a supplement or an alternative to conventional training. The current systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of WBV on exercise performance in athletes. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials published from database inception to April 2024.

Real-world experience in treatment outcome and genomic insights for metastatic prostate neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Background: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) (de novo or treatment-related [t-NEPC]) is a rare and deadly variant of prostate cancer. While de novo NEPC is rare, t-NEPC occurs more frequently in patients with castration-refractory prostate cancer. Owing to the rarity of NEPC, no standard treatment has been established, and the outcomes are generally unsatisfactory.

Immune-mediated diseases after vaccinations with AZD1222, BNT-162b2, &/or mRNA-1273: An observational investigation of 78 patients.

Background: Immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) after nucleic acid-based vaccines have been sporadically reported since their introduction during the worldwide COVID-19 crisis. Confirming their cause-effect association remains challenging. We analysed the effects of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), BNT-162b2, and/or mRNA-1273 on the development &/or deterioration of IMDs in terms of the time of clinical onsets of IMDs after exposure to these vaccines.

Single-cell analysis of castration-resistant prostate cancers to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

The high heterogeneity and low percentage of neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer limit the utility of traditional bulk RNA sequencing and even single-cell RNA sequencing to find better biomarkers for early diagnosis and stratification. Re-clustering of specific cell-type holds great promise for identification of intra-cell-type heterogeneity. However, this has not yet been used in studying neuroendocrine prostate cancer heterogeneity.

REST-repressed lncRNA LINC01801 induces neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer via transcriptional activation of autophagy.

The association between REST reduction and the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a novel drug-resistant and lethal variant of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), is well established. To better understand the mechanisms underlying this process, we aimed to identify REST-repressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that promote neuroendocrine differentiation (NED), thus facilitating targeted therapy-induced resistance. In this study, we used data from REST knockdown RNA sequencing combined with siRNA screening to determine that LINC01801 was upregulated and played a crucial role in NED in prostate cancer (PCa).

Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Immune and Inflammatory Markers in Athletes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

: Probiotic supplementation can prevent and alleviate gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in healthy individuals. Markers released from the site of inflammation are involved in the response to infection or tissue injury. Therefore, we measured the pre-exercise and postexercise levels of inflammation-related markers-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and C-reactive protein (CRP)-in probiotic versus placebo groups to investigate the effects of probiotics on these markers in athletes.

Rapid Histological Assessment of Prostate Specimens in the Three-dimensional Space by Hydrophilic Tissue Clearing and Confocal Microscopy.

Microscopic examination of biopsied and resected prostatic specimens is the mainstay in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, conventional analysis of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue is time-consuming and offers limited two-dimensional (2D) information. In the current study, we devised a method-termed rostate apid ptical examination for cancer us (proSTAT)-for rapid screening of prostate cancer using high-resolution 2D and three-dimensional (3D) confocal images obtained after hydrophilic tissue clearing of 100-µm-thick tissue slices.

Autosegmentation of Prostate Zones and Cancer Regions from Biparametric Magnetic Resonance Images by Using Deep-Learning-Based Neural Networks.

The accuracy in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa) has increased with the development of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) was found to have a diagnostic accuracy comparable to mpMRI in detecting PCa. However, prostate MRI assessment relies on human experts and specialized training with considerable inter-reader variability.

Recognizing Hereditary Renal Cancers Through the Microscope: A Pathology Update.

A heightened understanding of hereditary renal cancer syndromes and their molecular basis has led to an increased awareness and recognition of these renal neoplasms by pathologists. Because a diagnosis of hereditary renal cell carcinoma has a profound impact on the patient and family members, when and how to raise such a suspicion via pathologic assessment has become an important yet very challenging task. This review discusses key clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic characteristics of hereditary renal cancer syndromes, and important differential diagnostic challenges, emphasizing recent pathologic and molecular advances.

Stromal hedgehog signaling maintains smooth muscle and hampers micro-invasive prostate cancer.

It is widely appreciated that reactive stroma or carcinoma-associated fibroblasts can influence epithelial tumor progression. In prostate cancer (PCa), the second most common male malignancy worldwide, the amount of reactive stroma is variable and has predictive value for tumor recurrence. By analyzing human PCa protein and RNA expression databases, we found smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are decreased in advanced tumors, whereas fibroblasts are maintained.

Incidence of intraductal carcinoma, multifocality and bilateral significant disease in radical prostatectomy specimens from Japan and United States.

Significant differences, including epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic and genetic, exist between Asian and Caucasian prostate cancer. Detailed pathologic data are, however, scarce. We studied in detail and compared the pathological features of prostate cancer in radical prostatectomy specimens in 228 patients (117 Japan, 111 US).

Hedgehog signaling in prostate epithelial-mesenchymal growth regulation.

The prostate gland plays an important role in male reproduction, and is also an organ prone to diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. The prostate consists of ducts with an inner layer of epithelium surrounded by stroma. Reciprocal signaling between these two cell compartments is instrumental to normal prostatic development, homeostasis, regeneration, as well as tumor formation.