A core outcome set for future male infertility research: development of an international consensus.

Objective: To develop a core outcome set for male infertility trials.

Design: A two-round Delphi survey and consensus development workshop were undertaken with healthcare professionals, researchers and clinicians globally.

Subjects: 334 participants from 39 countries participated in the Delphi Survey, while 44 participants from 21 countries participated in the consensus development workshop.

A core outcome set for future male infertility research: development of an international consensus.

Study Question: Can a core outcome set be developed through a global consensus to standardize outcome selection, collection, comparison, and reporting in future male infertility trials?

Summary Answer: A minimum dataset, known as a 'core outcome set', has been developed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews evaluating potential interventions for male infertility.

What Is Known Already: Numerous factors, including a failure to consider the perspectives of men with lived experiences of infertility or their partners when developing and conducting RCTs can limit their clinical utility. Selection of outcomes, variations in outcome definitions, and the selective reporting of outcomes based on statistical analysis make the results of infertility research challenging to interpret, compare, and implement.

LC16m8 for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis against Mpox in a High-Risk Population: An Open-Label Randomized Trial.

Background: This randomized controlled trial provided LC16m8 pre-exposure prophylaxis to high-risk individuals to assess its efficacy for mpox prevention, safety, and immunogenicity.

Methods: This multicenter, randomized, open-label trial enrolled men and women aged ≥18 years at high risk of mpox. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to early- or late-vaccination groups.

Compound heterozygous variants in a man with isolated nonobstructive azoospermia.

Case: A 40-year-old Japanese man with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) was found to carry rare variants in a newly identified causative gene for spermatogenic failure. This patient was identified through mutation screening of in 97 men with etiology-unknown isolated NOA.

Outcome: The patient had two heterozygous variants in that affect consensus sequences of splice-donor sites [c.

Evaluation of the sperm DNA fragmentation index in infertile Japanese men by in-house flow cytometric analysis.

Semen analysis has long been used to evaluate male fertility. Recently, several sperm function tests have been developed. Of those, the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), which describes the status of the sperm DNA, is thought to be a suitable parameter for evaluating male fertility.

Does mirabegron deteriorate spermatogenesis? A lesson from spinal cord injury cases.

Objectives: To evaluate whether the long-term usage of mirabegron, which was reported to have potential side effects on male reproductive organs in animal studies, was harmful to spermatogenesis in human testis.

Methods: Thirty consecutive patients with spinal cord injury (20-48 years old) who performed clean intermittent catheterization were involved in this study. Ten patients were treated with mirabegron (50 mg/d) for more than 2 years and refrained from using an antimuscarinic agent due to the side effects of constipation and dry mouth.

SRY-Positive 46, XX Testicular Disorder of Sexual Development With Leydig Cell Tumor.

The risk of a gonadal tumor is high in testicular disorder of sexual development (DSD) with the Y chromosome, but cases of DSD without the Y chromosome are extremely rare. We reported a gonadal tumor in a phenotypically male individual with 46, XX testicular DSD. A testicular tumor was incidentally found in a 32-year-old phenotypic male who was presented to the hospital with male infertility.

Testicular volume in non-obstructive azoospermia with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism may predict successful sperm retrieval by testicular sperm extraction.

Purpose: Cryptorchidism is one of the most common causes of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in adulthood. Even if early orchidopexy is performed to preserve fertility potential, some patients still suffer from azoospermia. Fertility potential is significantly lower in bilateral than unilateral cryptorchidism.

The Diagnostic Accuracy of Testicular Torsion by Doctors on Duty Using Sonographic Evaluation with Color Doppler.

As testicular torsion is a medical emergency, it requires quick diagnosis and treatment. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) is useful for the diagnosis of testicular torsion. An accurate diagnosis can be difficult when CDUS indicates the preservation of blood flow in the testis.

Copy-number analysis of Y-linked loci in young men with non-obstructive azoospermia: Implications for the rarity of early onset mosaic loss of chromosome Y.

Purpose: Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) is a common feature in elderly men. If mLOY can also occur in young men, it may lead to spermatogenic failure due to loss of spermatogenic genes. Indeed, previous studies detected the 45,X/46,XY karyotype in a few young men with spermatogenic failure.

Comparison between semen parameters in specimens collected early in the morning and in the evening.

The majority of facilities in Japan that offer artificial insemination as part of assisted reproduction programs currently perform semen collection in the early morning. The total motile sperm count of the semen used in intrauterine insemination is an important factor in achieving successful fertilization and subsequent childbirth. The present study was initiated to determine whether semen parameters varied with the time of day at which the semen sample was collected.

Random X chromosome inactivation in patients with Klinefelter syndrome.

Background: X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is an indispensable process in the development of human female embryos. Reportedly, XCI occurs when a blastocyst contains 10-12 embryonic progenitor cells. To date, it remains unclear whether XCI ratios are normally preserved in Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients with 47,XXY karyotype.

Y chromosome microdeletion screening using a new molecular diagnostic method in 1030 Japanese males with infertility.

The azoospermia factor (AZF) region is important for spermatogenesis, and deletions within these regions are a common cause of oligozoospermia and azoospermia. Although several studies have reported this cause, the present research, to the best of our knowledge, is the first large-scale study assessing this factor in Japan. In this study, 1030 male patients with infertility who were examined for Y chromosome microdeletion using the polymerase chain reaction-reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-rSSO) method, a newly developed method for Y chromosome microdeletion screening, were included.

Pyoderma gangrenosum after radical prostatectomy: case report.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a skin disease characterized by an unknown neutrophilic infiltration in dermis and a nonbacterial destructive ulcer. Post-operative PG is an extremely rare type that occurs around surgical sites during the immediate post-operative period. It is usually diagnosed as surgical site infection at the time of presentation.

Home testing for male factor infertility: a review of current options.

Male factor infertility contributes to about 50% of the incidence of infertility in couples. Semen analysis is key to the diagnosis of the reproductive potential of a male subject. In current practice, men must attend a clinic or other hospital facility to have their semen analyzed.

Etiological role of human papillomavirus infection in the development of penile cancer.

Objective: To examine the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and penile cancer among Japanese patients.

Methods: Thirty-four patients with penile cancer were enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples, and HPV-DNA tests and genotyping were performed.