Prior status of graft-versus-host disease affects donor lymphocyte infusion outcomes in patients with relapsed haematological malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Optimizing the effectiveness of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) has been challenging. We investigated whether the benefits of achieving full donor chimerism (FDC) and developing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after DLI are affected by a history of GVHD before DLI. We retrospectively analysed 56 patients who received DLI for relapse after alloHSCT at our institute from 2015 to 2022.

DruGagent: Multi-Agent Large Language Model-Based Reasoning for Drug-Target Interaction Prediction.

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) allow them to address diverse questions using human-like interfaces. Still, limitations in their training prevent them from answering accurately in scenarios that could benefit from multiple perspectives. Multi-agent systems allow the resolution of questions to enhance result consistency and reliability.

GraphPINE: Graph Importance propagation for interpretable drug response prediction.

Explainability is necessary for many tasks in biomedical research. Recent explainability methods have focused on attention, gradient, and Shapley value. These do not handle data with strong associated prior knowledge and fail to constrain explainability results based on known relationships between predictive features.

Evolution of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Main Focus on AML.

In recent years, treatments in the field of hematologic malignancies have undergone significant evolution; allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has shifted from an "ultimate" therapy to becoming a component of a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Advances in risk stratification (including molecular profiling and measurable residual disease assessment), conditioning regimens, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis-such as post-transplant cyclophosphamide-have improved outcomes and expanded donor selection and transplant eligibility. We should not only focus on the transplantation procedure but also consider various therapeutic components, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy (possibly including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy), and post-transplant maintenance therapy, which need to be orchestrated within the broader context of leukemia treatment.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Chimerism Tests in Predicting Leukemia Relapse Using Increasing Mixed Chimerism.

Chimerism test was evaluated to predict leukemia relapse. Increasing mixed chimerism (IMC), defined as recipient increase ≥0.1% in peripheral blood total cell chimerism, was used as a surrogate of disease activity.

Impact of post-transplant cyclophosphamide and splenomegaly on primary graft failure and multi-lineage cytopenia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Primary graft failure (PGF) and multi-lineage cytopenia (MLC) increase the risk of nonrelapse mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants (HCT). We evaluated the impact of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and splenomegaly on PGF and MLC for hematological malignancies. This study included patients with PTCy (N=84) and conventional graft-vs.

drGAT: Attention-Guided Gene Assessment of Drug Response Utilizing a Drug-Cell-Gene Heterogeneous Network.

Drug development is a lengthy process with a high failure rate. Increasingly, machine learning is utilized to facilitate the drug development processes. These models aim to enhance our understanding of drug characteristics, including their activity in biological contexts.

Machine learning approach in predicting GlutoPeak test parameters from image data with AutoML and transfer learning.

This study introduces a novel machine learning methodology for predicting GlutoPeak test parameters from image data, leveraging AutoKeras and transfer learning. The GlutoPeak test is a tool used in the baking industry to evaluate the properties of flour, based on its gluten strength and elasticity. Our research aimed to devise an efficient and cost-effective technique for quantifying the gluten properties of wheat varieties.

Risk factors and outcome of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: JSTCT, Transplant Complications Working Group.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is an aerobic nonfermenting Gram-negative bacillus widely distributed in the environment that has inherent multidrug resistance to beta-lactam and carbapenem antibiotics. S.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of pneumococcal diseases in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants in the late phase: A retrospective registry study.

Pneumococcal diseases are one of the most important infectious complications in the late period following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The importance of long-term follow-up care is increasing, as the number of long-term survivors following allo-HSCT increases, but there has been a dearth of research specifically focusing on pneumococcal diseases during the late post-transplant period (day >100). Using a transplant registry database between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2011, we aimed to assess the clinical spectrum and risk factors for pneumococcal diseases in the late post-transplant period.

Predictive impact of soluble interleukin-2 receptor and number of extranodal sites for identification of patients at very high risk of CNS relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

There remains an unmet clinical need to identify which patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) would benefit from central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis, due to the low positive predictive value (PPV; 10%-15%) of the currently available predictive models. To stratify patients at high risk of developing CNS relapse, we retrospectively analyzed 182 patients with DLBCL initially treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), or a R-CHOP-like regimen. Among them, 17 patients relapsed with CNS involvement, and the 2-year rate of CNS relapse was 7.

Beneficial impact of first-line mogamulizumab-containing chemotherapy in adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma.

Chemotherapy in combination with mogamulizumab (Mog) was approved in Japan in 2014 for untreated aggressive adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma (ATL), but the survival benefit remains unclear. Therefore, we retrospectively analysed clinical outcomes in 39 transplant-ineligible patients with untreated aggressive ATL at Kumamoto University Hospital between 2010 and 2021. The probability of four-year overall survival was 46.

Delayed tension gastrothorax caused necrosis of stomach and re-expansion pulmonary edema: a case report.

Background: Traumatic tension gastrothorax is a rare and potentially fatal condition occurring in patients with congenital or acquired diaphragmatic defects. Traumatic tension gastrothorax leads to acute and severe respiratory distress. Delayed tension gastrothorax that develops late during injury can be more severe.

Prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma patients who received mogamulizumab before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Mogamulizumab (Mog) is effective against adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), but as we reported previously, Mog increases the incidence of severe acute GVHD when administered before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Here, we report the cases of two ATL patients who did not develop acute GVHD despite receiving Mog before allo-HCT. Case 1: a 63-year-old female who underwent allo-HCT from an HLA-matched donor 2 months after the last dose of Mog.

Improved survival of patients with aggressive ATL by increased use of allo-HCT: a prospective observational study.

Aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a hematological malignancy that is difficult to treat with chemotherapy alone, and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative therapy. We conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational study to clarify the treatment outcomes of aggressive ATL in the current era. Between 2015 and 2018, 113 patients aged 70 years or younger with newly diagnosed aggressive ATL were enrolled.

Impact of conditioning intensity and regimen on transplant outcomes in patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.

In allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) for adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), the optimal conditioning regimens have not yet been determined. We conducted a Japanese nationwide, retrospective study to investigate this issue. This study included 914 ATL patients who underwent allo-HCT between 1995 and 2015.

Feasibility of an intensified myeloablative conditioning regimen consisting of busulfan, fludarabine, cytarabine, and total body irradiation before single cord blood transplantation in elderly patients.

The optimal conditioning regimen for stem cell transplantation in elderly patients remains to be established. We developed a novel preparative regimen using fludarabine 180 mg/m, intravenous busulfan 12.8 mg/m, cytarabine 8 g/m, and 4-Gy total body irradiation before cord blood transplantation (CBT) in patients older than 55 years with various hematological malignancies.

A regulatory element in the 3'-untranslated region of CEBPA is associated with myeloid/NK/T-cell leukemia.

Objectives: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPA) is an essential transcription factor for myeloid differentiation. Not only mutation of the CEBPA gene, but also promoter methylation, which results in silencing of CEBPA, contributes to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We sought for another differentially methylated region (DMR) that associates with the CEBPA silencing and disease phenotype.