Immunotherapy in older adults with gynecologic cancers: rethinking age as a limiting factor.

Introduction: As the global population ages, understanding immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy and safety in the older cancer patients is critical. ICIs represent a major advance, but their effectiveness relative to age-related immune changes warrants investigation.

Areas Covered: This review synthesizes current clinical and preclinical evidence examining how aging influences ICIs response.

YAP/TAZ Promote GLUT1 Expression and Are Associated with Prognosis in Endometrial Cancer.

: Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) function as effectors in the Hippo pathway and have attracted attention due to their association with tumor formation. Glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins also contribute to the proliferation of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of YAP/TAZ on GLUT1 expression in endometrial carcinoma, as well as the clinical relevance and prognostic value of YAP/TAZ.

Clinical Features and Imaging Findings of Low-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: A Retrospective Case Series-Based Analysis.

Objective: This case series presents six cases of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS) and discusses their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in light of recent advancements in LGESS diagnosis.

Methods: Data from six cases of LGESS treated at Fukui University Hospital between June 2007 and October 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical behavior, histopathological features, therapeutic approaches, and survival outcomes were evaluated.

Combined Pharmacological and surgical treatments for recurrent chemical peritonitis due to rupture of a bilateral mature cystic teratoma: a case report.

Background: Mature cystic teratomas, a common type of benign ovarian tumors, are associated with complications such as twisting and tumor rupture; Rupture can cause severe chemical peritonitis, and no management policy has been established for the intraoperative and postoperative periods. Although peritoneal lavage and reoperation have been reported, the optimal treatment approach remains undetermined.

Case Presentation: A 30-year-old woman (gravida 0, para 0, and no sexual history) presented with abdominal pain and fever.

Asymptomatic Vaginal Candidiasis Complicated by Chorioamnionitis and Pelvic Abscess at Full-Term Delivery: A Case Report.

Despite the high frequency of vaginal candidiasis during pregnancy, chorioamnionitis (CAM) is rarely caused by Candidaspecies as the initiating organism, especially in full-term delivery. A 25-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our hospital at 34 weeks and two days of gestation and was diagnosed with vaginal candidiasis based on a vaginal culture examination. She delivered a newborn via cesarean section at 39 weeks and four days of gestation.

Efficacy of Rikkunshito on Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Uterine Corpus or Cervical Cancer Treated With Cisplatin-Based Regimen-Placebo-controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Confirmatory Study (JORTC-KMP03).

Background: The current standard treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) with standard antiemetics is insufficient. Rikkunshito, a Japanese traditional herbal medicine, has been shown to improve cisplatin-induced anorexia and functional dyspepsia, and our exploratory study found that rikkunshito has an additive beneficial effect on CINV in patients with uterine corpus and cervical cancer receiving cisplatin containing chemotherapy (JORTC KMP-02).

Methods: One hundred eighty patients with uterine corpus or cervical cancer who were scheduled to receive treatment with a cisplatin based regimen as initial chemotherapy were enrolled across 17 Japanese institutions.

Awareness and attitude toward cardio-oncology among Japanese gynecologic oncologists in managing patients with endometrial cancer: The Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) questionnaire surveys.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the awareness of the concept of "cardio-oncology" and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) among the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group members.

Methods: An online anonymous survey, which consisted of questions about respondent attributes and cardio-oncology, was conducted twice, in 2022 and 2024. During these surveys, guidelines for the treatment of uterine body neoplasm were published in July 2023.

Establishment of a human ovarian endometrioid carcinoma cell line by constitutive expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1 and telomerase reverse transcriptase.

Only a few human ovarian endometrioid carcinoma cell lines are currently available, partly due to the difficulty of establishing cell lines from low-grade cancers. Here, using a cell immortalization strategy consisting of i) inactivation of the p16-pRb pathway by constitutive expression of mutant cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (R24C) (CDK4) and cyclin D1, and ii) acquisition of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activity, we established a human ovarian endometrioid carcinoma cell line from a 46-year-old Japanese woman. That line, designated JFE-21, has proliferated continuously for over 6 months with a doubling time of ~ 55 h.

Postpartum multiple vertebral fractures in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta type I: A case report and literature review.

A 39-year-old woman with type I osteogenesis imperfecta reported experiencing back pain at 35 weeks of gestation. Two days following an elective cesarean section, the patient developed a Th12 vertebral compression fracture; 3 weeks postoperatively, she sustained an L3 vertebral compression fracture. The patient displayed a lumbar spine -score of -1.

Usefulness of Nutritional Assessment Indicators in Predicting Treatment Discontinuation Due to Adverse Events from PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer Patients.

Background: Nutritional status is an important factor influencing toxicity of treatment. Nutritional assessment indicators such as the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) have been reported to be associated with treatment-related adverse events (AEs) for various malignancies. However, there are no reports investigating the relationship between nutritional status and AEs from poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi), which are widely used in recent years as maintenance therapy for ovarian cancer.

Low-Grade Uterine Adenosarcoma with Overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 by Immunohistochemistry: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Uterine adenosarcoma (UA) is a rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by benign epithelial and malignant stromal components. Comprehensive genomic profiling has identified a high frequency of murine double-minute type 2 (MDM2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) amplification in UA. However, the significance of these genetic alterations in tumor biology remains poorly understood.

Cemiplimab monotherapy in Japanese patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer.

Background: In the phase 3 EMPOWER-Cervical 1/GOG-3016/ENGOT-cx9 study, cemiplimab significantly improved overall survival (OS) versus chemotherapy for patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer who progressed after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. We present a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients enrolled in Japan.

Methods: Patients were enrolled regardless of programmed cell death-ligand 1 status and randomized 1:1 to cemiplimab 350 mg intravenously every 3 weeks or investigator's choice  single-agent chemotherapy for up to 96 weeks.

Combination therapy with paclitaxel and trastuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive recurrent serous carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A case report.

Recent studies show increased expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in cervical cancer, but the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapy remains under-researched. Here, we present a case of recurrent HER2-positive serous carcinoma, presumably arising in the cervix, diagnosed by comprehensive genomic profiling, which responded to trastuzumab. The patient underwent a radical hysterectomy with concurrent adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Fractal Dimension, Circularity, and Solidity of Cell Clusters in Liquid-Based Endometrial Cytology Are Potentially Useful for Endometrial Cancer Detection and Prognosis Prediction.

Endometrial cancer (EC) in women is increasing globally, necessitating improved diagnostic methods and prognosis prediction. While endometrial histology is the conventional approach, liquid-based endometrial cytology may benefit from novel analytical techniques for cell clusters. A clinical study was conducted at the University of Fukui Hospital from 2012 to 2018, involving 210 patients with endometrial cytology.

Plasma Gelsolin Inhibits Natural Killer Cell Function and Confers Chemoresistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) overexpression in ovarian cancer (OVCA) disarms immune function, contributing to chemoresistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunoregulatory effects of pGSN expression on natural killer (NK) cell function in OVCA. OVCA tissues from primary surgeries underwent immunofluorescent staining of pGSN and the activated NK cell marker natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 to analyze the prognostic impact of pGSN expression and activated NK cell infiltration.

Assessment of the localization of chondroitin sulfate in various types of endometrial carcinoma.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the localization of chondroitin sulfate (CS), a primary extracellular matrix component, in the stromal region of endometrial carcinoma (EC).

Methods: Immunostaining was performed on 26 endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) samples of different grades and 10 endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC) samples to evaluate CS localization. This was further confirmed by Alcian Blue (AB) staining as well.

Establishment of a human ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line mutant in PIK3CB but not PIK3CA.

A human ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line was established from a 46-year-old Japanese woman. That line, designated MTC-22, has proliferated continuously for over 6 months in conventional RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum and has been passaged over 50 times. MTC-22 doubling-time is ~ 18 h, which is much shorter than most ovarian clear cell carcinoma lines reported to date.

Evaluating Opt-In Vaginal Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling: Participation Rates and Detection of High-Grade Lesions (CIN2+) among Unscreened Japanese Women Aged 30-39.

Cervical cancer incidence is increasing among Japanese women, which is partly attributed to low screening rates. This study examined the implementation of opt-in human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling among Japanese women aged 30-39 years who had not undergone cervical cancer screening, focusing on those requiring preconception care. The responses to the opt-in approach and effectiveness in detecting cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or worse (CIN2+) were evaluated.

Chronic low-grade inflammation and ovarian dysfunction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and aging.

The ovarian microenvironment is critical for follicular development and oocyte maturation. Maternal conditions, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and aging, may compromise the ovarian microenvironment, follicular development, and oocyte quality. Chronic low-grade inflammation can induce oxidative stress and tissue fibrosis in the ovary.

Rectus Sheath Hematoma Triggered by Post-cesarean Anticoagulant Therapy for Intraoperative Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism: A Case Report.

Anticoagulant therapy is essential for the prevention or treatment of peripartum venous thromboembolism (VTE). Administration of a therapeutic dose of anticoagulant immediately after cesarean section may result in the formation of a rectus sheath hematoma. A 32-year-old Japanese woman delivered twin neonates by cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation.