Intraoperative detection of parathyroid glands using artificial intelligence: optimizing medical image training with data augmentation methods.

Background: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism is a major complication of thyroidectomy, occurring when the parathyroid glands are inadvertently damaged during surgery. Although intraoperative images are rarely used to train artificial intelligence (AI) because of its complex nature, AI may be trained to intraoperatively detect parathyroid glands using various augmentation methods. The purpose of this study was to train an effective AI model to detect parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy.

Characterization of the genomic alterations in poorly differentiated thyroid cancer.

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is a subtype of thyroid cancer that has a high rate of metastasis or recurrence and a relatively poor prognosis. However, there are few studies that have been conducted on PDTC at the whole protein-coding gene scale. Here, we performed genomic profiling of 15 patients with PDTC originated from follicular thyroid carcinoma using whole exome sequencing and also performed gene functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for three patients.

The efficacy of oxidized regenerated cellulose (SurgiGuard®) in breast cancer patients who undergo total mastectomy with node surgery: A prospective randomized study in 94 patients.

Background: Seromas frequently develop in patients who undergo total mastectomy with node surgery. We aimed to prospectively explore whether use of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC, SurgiGuard®) affects seroma formation after total mastectomy with node surgery (sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND)).

Materials And Methods: Ninety four breast cancer patients were enrolled in the study who underwent total mastectomy with ALND or SLNB.

Assessment of Inter-Institutional Post-Operative Hypoparathyroidism Status Using a Common Data Model.

Post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism may result in various transient or permanent symptoms, ranging from tingling sensation to severe breathing difficulties. Its incidence varies among surgeons and institutions, making it difficult to determine its actual incidence and associated factors. This study attempted to estimate the incidence of post-operative hypoparathyroidism in patients at two tertiary institutions that share a common data model, the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics.

Clinicopathologic Analysis of Cathepsin B as a Prognostic Marker of Thyroid Cancer.

Thyroid cancer incidence has increased worldwide; however, investigations of thyroid cancer-related factors as potential prognosis markers remain insufficient. Secreted proteins from the cancer secretome are regulators of several molecular mechanisms and are, thereby, ideal candidates for potential markers. We aimed to identify a specific factor for thyroid cancer by analyzing the secretome from normal thyroid cells, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells, and anaplastic thyroid cancer cells using mass spectrometry (MS).

A national database analysis for factors associated with thyroid cancer occurrence.

In order to analyze the associations between thyroid cancer and environmental factors, we analyzed the national sample cohort representative of the entire population provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service database record from 2006 to 2015. The cohort was categorized according to age, body mass index, income, residential areas, frequency of exercise, frequency of alcohol drinking, diet, presence or absence of hyperthyroidism, presence or absence of hypothyroidism, and smoking data. Age ≥ 55 years (HR 0.

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: An institutional experience.

Purpose: The incidence of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is extremely low among thyroid cancers and there is no standardized treatment guideline for it. In this study, we have analyzed PDTC patients and reviewed their clinicopathological features.

Methods: Data of PDTC patients from our institution are collected through the electronic medical database.

Contribution of cytologic examination to diagnosis of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Background: The cytologic diagnosis of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is difficult because it lacks salient cytologic findings and shares cytologic features with more commonly encountered neoplasms. Due to diverse cytologic findings and paucicellularity of PDTC, standardization of cytologic diagnostic criteria is limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate and recognize diverse thyroid findings of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and frozen smear cytology in diagnosis of this rare but aggressive carcinoma.

Mts1 Up-regulation is Associated With Aggressive Pathological Features in Thyroid Cancer.

Background/aim: Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine cancer and its incidence and mortality are increasing. However, few studies on the molecular factors related to its poor prognosis have been performed. The aim of our study was to identify a poor prognostic factor for thyroid cancer to reduce its overtreatment, recurrence, and mortality.

Optimal combination of treatment modality to increase survival in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: A STROBE compliant retrospective study.

There is little consensus on the optimal treatment approach for newly diagnosed patients. The present study aims to provide additional evidence by evaluating a series of patients diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and analyzing factors related to increased survival. This was a retrospective cohort report structured according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline.

A variation in recurrence patterns of papillary thyroid cancer with disease progression: A long-term follow-up study.

Background: Studies effectively examining temporal patterns of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) recurrence are currently lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine sites of PTC recurrence, interval from initial treatment to recurrence, and changing patterns of recurrence during long-term follow-up.

Methods: Records of 134 patients with PTC recurrence were analyzed retrospectively.

Is body mass index relevant to prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma? A clinicopathological cohort study.

Purpose: Obesity appears to be related to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in the observational studies, although its relationship concerning the PTC prognosis has not been established. We investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and the prognosis of PTC.

Methods: The WHO BMI classification was used to stratify the degree of obesity.

The prognosis and treatment of primary thyroid cancer occurred in breast cancer patients: comparison with ordinary thyroid cancer.

Purpose: Due to the increased prevalence of thyroid cancer, it has been frequently detected in breast cancer patients recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of thyroid cancer in breast cancer patients with respect to prognosis and treatment.

Methods: From August 1998 to September 2012, 101 breast cancer patients were diagnosed with thyroid cancer (BT group).

The pattern and significance of the calcifications of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma presented in preoperative neck ultrasonography.

Purpose: To analyze the incidence and patterns of calcification of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) on neck ultrasonography (NUS) and assess the clinical implications of calcification, especially for neck node metastasis.

Methods: The clinical data of 379 patients with PTMC who underwent thyroidectomy between January and December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. PTMC lesions were classified into four subgroups according to their calcification patterns on preoperative NUS: microcalcification, macrocalcification, rim calcification, and noncalcification.

Clinical significance of Delphian lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Delphian lymph node (DLN) metastasis has long been considered a prognostic marker of head and neck malignancy. These days, the significance of DLN in thyroid cancer has come to the fore. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of DLN metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Evaluation of surgical completeness in endoscopic thyroidectomy compared with open thyroidectomy with regard to remnant ablation.

Purpose: To assure the surgical completeness of the bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET), we compared ET and open thyroidectomy (OT) by means of the radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake of remnant thyroid.

Materials And Methods: From January 2003 to May 2007, 46 patients who had received RAI ablation after total thyroidectomy because of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were enrolled. Of total, 25 patients underwent ET and the other 21 underwent OT.

Review of atypical cytology of thyroid nodule according to the Bethesda system and its beneficial effect in the surgical treatment of papillary carcinoma.

Purpose: For the atypical cases of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of thyroid nodules, ultrasonographic findings are a primary guideline for the surgical treatment. However, they have the intrinsic risk of overtreatment, as well. In this study we examined whether the Bethesda system could provide a real effect on the diagnostic rate of atypical cytology, and thereby reduce the number of cases diagnosed as atypical from FNA cytology.

Endoscopic thyroidectomy via bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA): review of 512 cases in a single institute.

Background: Various techniques for endoscopic thyroidectomy have been introduced in the past decade, and the cosmetic superiority of these techniques has been universally acknowledged. We developed the endoscopic thyroidectomy via bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) and have performed more than 500 operations. The aims of this study are to analyze the surgical outcomes and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of BABA endoscopic thyroidectomy.

Is there a treatment advantage when paclitaxel and lovastatin are combined to dose anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines?

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel and lovastatin in ATC cell lines.

Methods: ATC cells were treated with paclitaxel and lovastatin, separately or together, and the cytotoxicity of the compounds was determined by quantifying cell viability and apoptosis.

Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) measuring 1.0 cm or less were separately defined as papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMs) by the World Health Organization, emphasizing on their benign behavior. However, some reported that PTMs may have aggressive behavior, can cause regional, or even distant metastases.

Anti-adhesive effect and safety of sodium hyaluronate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution in thyroid surgery.

Objective: A number of researchers have suggested the use of sodium hyaluronate carboxymethyl cellulose (HA-CMC) membrane for preventing postoperative adhesion. This study evaluated the anti-adhesive effect and safety of a newly developed HA-CMC solution in thyroidectomy.

Methods: Seventy-four patients who underwent thyroidectomy were prospectively randomized.

Lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: results of therapeutic lymph node dissection.

Background: Cervical lymph node metastases are quite common in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and they usually spread in a contiguous fashion. However, "skip metastasis," defined as lateral lymph node metastasis without central lymph node metastasis, also occurs in patients with PTC. There is little information regarding skip metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).