Epidemiology of malaria in Chhattisgarh, India: a surveillance data analysis, 2015-2023.

Background: India accounts for two-thirds of the malaria burden in Southeast Asia. We described the lab-confirmed malaria cases under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme in Chhattisgarh, India, from 2015 to 2023.

Methods: We conducted a surveillance data analysis by abstracting the lab-confirmed malaria cases from five regions of Chhattisgarh from January 2015 to December 2023.

Odontogenic Sinusitis: Endoscopic Management of this Iatrogenic Entity.

Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is a condition presenting to both the dental and otolaryngologic practitioner. Common causes of OMS include dental implants, displacement of a maxillary tooth root tip during extraction, migration of materials used in root canal therapy or graft material in sinus lift procedure. A 68-year-old male patient presented with complaints of repeated episodes of sinusitis for about 3 months which was not responding to conservative management.

A Population Pharmacokinetic Model to Inform Extension of the Eteplirsen Dosing Regimen Across the Broad DMD Population.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive, irreversible muscle damage that usually leads to premature death from cardiac or respiratory failure. Eteplirsen is a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer and the first antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) approved for the treatment of patients with exon 51 skip-amenable DMD. This analysis presents the first population pharmacokinetics (PK) modeling and simulation performed for the ASO drug class in DMD.

Sex-disaggregated patterns in tuberculosis treatment coverage and outcomes among a nationally representative sample of deaths in India: 2019-2022.

Background: We report on TB treatment coverage and outcomes by sex among a nationally representative sample of deaths in the background of the national framework for a gender-responsive approach to TB adopted by India.

Methods: Detailed interviews were undertaken for a nationally representative sample of deaths of all ages between 2019 and 2022 from the adult most knowledgeable about the deceased. Details about TB treatment were documented for females and males for whom history of TB diagnosis ever.

Characteristics and contributing factors of adverse drug reactions: an analytical study of patients with tuberculosis receiving treatment under the National TB Program of India.

Background Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a serious threat to the public health system in India. Although the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) is providing a wide range of interventions from early diagnosis to complete treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality from TB, adverse drug reactions (ADR) remain a challenge in treatment adherence and completion. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in selected districts of Gujarat state.

Insight into tuberculosis of talus in children: A review of five cases.

Background: Tubercular affection of talus in children is considered extremely rare with literature limited to few case reports. This study reports five cases of tubercular infection of talus in children and traces the various presentations and the treatment outcome. MethodsThe series describes five children with biopsy proven affection of tuberculosis of talus.

Ravulizumab demonstrates long-term efficacy, safety and favorable patient survival in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Ravulizumab is a second-generation complement component 5 (C5) inhibitor (C5i) approved for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) following positive results from two pivotal trials in patients with PNH originally naive to C5i treatment and eculizumab-experienced patients with PNH. In both trials, after the 26week primary evaluation period, all patients received ravulizumab for up to 6 years. To report ravulizumab treatment outcomes in patients with PNH originally naive to C5i treatment and eculizumab-experienced patients with PNH treated for up to 6 years.

Evaluating the quality of life in mothers caring for children with congenital clubfoot: prospective sequential evaluation along the course of Ponseti management.

The post birth revelation of child with physical anomaly taxes maternal hopes of a healthy child. However, unlike many other congenital anomalies, the Ponseti method has enabled an early and effective treatment of the clubfoot deformity. Our study aimed to assess the quality of life (QoL) of mothers with child born with idiopathic clubfoot through various stages of its management compared to a healthy infant.

Long-term efficacy and safety of danicopan as add-on therapy to ravulizumab or eculizumab in PNH with significant EVH.

Complement C5 inhibitor treatment with ravulizumab or eculizumab for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) improves outcomes and survival. Some patients remain anemic due to clinically significant extravascular hemolysis (cs-EVH; hemoglobin [Hb] ≤9.5 g/dL and absolute reticulocyte count [ARC] ≥120 × 109/L).

The kinematic coupling during Ponseti correction in idiopathic clubfoot: A quantitative analysis.

Background: The study aimed to quantify and correlate kinematic coupling linkage of foot abduction (correction of adduction) and inversion, heel varus and ankle equinus for clubfeet corrected by Ponseti technique.

Methods: Measurements of foot abduction (derotation of carpopedal block), heel varus and ankle equinus were available from Dimeglio scores in 25 feet. Radiological angles were considered for foot inversion-eversion.

Patient-reported outcomes and daily activity assessed with a digital wearable device in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria treated with ravulizumab: REVEAL, a prospective, observational study.

Background: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, chronic blood disorder. Symptoms such as fatigue can have a substantial impact on patients' physical activity levels, sleep, quality of life, and work productivity. Ravulizumab treatment can reduce thrombosis risk, improve survival and quality of life, and reduce fatigue in PNH, but information is limited on how it impacts sleep and physical activity.

Progressive Pain Response in Idiopathic Clubfoot Children Undergoing Ponseti Casting: A Prospective Evaluation in 34 Feet.

Background: Investigations of pain and physiologic responses response during Ponseti casting are in the preliminary stage. This short-term study aims to quantify pain responses and to note the variations, if any, during subsequent casting sessions.

Methods: In this prospective study, the pain parameters were evaluated in 34 clubfeet.

Framework for implementing collaborative TB-silicosis activities in India: insights from an expert panel.

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is more challenging for patients with silicosis, as it complicates the diagnosis of both diseases and increases mortality risk. Silicosis, an incurable occupational disease, confounds the diagnosis of TB and vice versa, making it more difficult to accurately identify and treat either condition. Moreover, TB appears to accelerate the progression of silicosis.

Association of dermatological manifestations with CD4 count among people living with HIV attending tertiary care hospital of South Gujarat.

Introduction: Dermatological manifestations are common manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, seen in 80% to 95% of HIV-infected patients. Dermatological manifestations are considered clinical indicators to predict and assess the underlying immune status.

Aim: This study aims to document the dermatological manifestations in relation to CD4 count in people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Hemiepiphysiodesis using tension band plates: does the insertion technique or screw length influence the rate of correction?

We retrospectively studied the effect of certain characteristics of the insertion technique and the construct of tension band plates on its angular correction rates. The study included 68 physes in 28 children. The following preoperative radiological parameters were measured: interscrew angle; the length of the epiphyseal screw, its distance and angle (screw trajectory angle) with respect to the physis.

Exploring private sector perspectives on barriers and facilitators in availing tuberculosis care cascade services: a qualitative study from the Indian state.

Introduction: The private sector plays an important role in tuberculosis (TB) elimination by providing access to quality TB care services like diagnosis and treatment, advocacy for preventive measures, innovation to address challenges in TB elimination, vaccines etc. The study aims to understand the perspectives of private practitioners on patients' TB care cascade to reinforce existing interventions by assuring the quality of care to TB patients.

Methods: The study utilized a qualitative design through in-depth interviews of private practitioners and was conducted in Ranchi and Purbi Singhbhum District of Jharkhand State from March-August 2021.

Deaths among tuberculosis patients of the western state of India: A secondary record based analytical study on its determinants.

Introduction: India has a significant TB burden, and ongoing attempts are being made to eradicate the disease. Globally, the number of TB deaths is declining, but not quickly enough to meet the End TB Goals. The National Strategic Plan (NSP) 2017-2025 in India set in motion an ambitious effort to expand the scope and efficacy of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP).

Predictors for improvement in patient-reported outcomes: post hoc analysis of a phase 3 randomized, open-label study of eculizumab and ravulizumab in complement inhibitor-naive patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by uncontrolled terminal complement activation leading to intravascular hemolysis (IVH), thrombosis, and impairments in quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to identify the clinical drivers of improvement in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with PNH receiving the complement component 5 (C5) inhibitors eculizumab and ravulizumab.This post hoc analysis assessed clinical outcomes and PROs from 246 complement inhibitor-naive patients with PNH enrolled in a phase 3 randomized non-inferiority study that compared the C5 inhibitors ravulizumab and eculizumab (study 301; NCT02946463).

Limb length deceleration or coronal plane deformity correction using tension band plates: does plate configurations determine the intraarticular deformity of proximal tibia?

We studied whether the two-plate tension band configuration is more prone for intraarticular deformations than the single plate application used for coronal plane deformities (CPD). The study was based on radiological chart review (retrospective cross-sectional) of records of children [15 patients (30 plates) with limb length discrepancies (LLD) and 20 patients (36 plates) with CPD]. Interscrew angle, slope angle, and roof angle were compared in the initial postoperative and final radiographs to determine changes of tibial morphology.

Capacity Building, Knowledge Enhancement, and Consultative Processes for Development of a Digital Tool (Ni-kshay SETU) to Support the Management of Patients with Tuberculosis: Exploratory Qualitative Study.

Background: Achieving the target for eliminating tuberculosis (TB) in India by 2025, 5 years ahead of the global target, critically depends on strengthening the capacity of human resources as one of the key components of the health system. Due to the rapid updates of standards and protocols, the human resources for TB health care suffer from a lack of understanding of recent updates and acquiring necessary knowledge.

Objective: Despite an increasing focus on the digital revolution in health care, there is no such platform available to deliver the key updates in national TB control programs with easy access.