Apoptosis induced by para-phenylenediamine involves formation of ROS and activation of p38 and JNK in chang liver cells.

para-Phenylenediamine (p-PD) is a suspected carcinogen, but it has been widely used as a component in permanent hair dyes. In this study, the mechanism of p-PD-induced cell death in normal Chang liver cells was investigated. The results demonstrated that p-PD decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.