Exosomal hsa-miR-3649 and hsa-miR-202-3p in Gastric Juice as Potential Biomarkers for Functional Dyspepsia with a Previous Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Objective Specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and previous Helicobacter pylori (HP) infections have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate exosomal miRNAs as potential biomarkers of FD in patients with a previous HP infection using a liquid biopsy. Methods Six patients with FD and six age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) with a previous HP infection were enrolled in the discovery cohort.

[Challenges and Prospects for Medical Oncology under the Emerging Infectious Disease Disaster].

The Japanese Society of Medical Oncology has conducted a questionnaire survey of its members over a 4-year period from 2020 to 2023 as part of the"Survey on the Impact of Anticancer Drug Therapy under the Spread of COVID-19 Infection". By summarizing the results of the questionnaire survey and reviewing the changes in cancer treatment in the aftermath of the COVID-19, focusing on the results of the 2023 survey which was conducted after the disease became category V infectious disease. It became clear that the COVID-19 not only had an impact on medical professionals and treatment choices but also had a significant impact on end-of-life care.

Expediting Drug Development in Japan: A PMDA Perspective.

Review time for a new drug in Japan has shortened dramatically since the establishment of the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). Nonetheless, Japan faces a new challenge so-called "Drug Loss", which means that new drugs approved overseas have not yet been developed in Japan or that development is delayed. In this manuscript, we describe how PMDA facilitates Japan's drug development to continuously provide innovative drugs to patients.

Baseline risk variability by eligibility criteria in Cohort 1 of the monarchE trial for high-risk HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.

Background: Baseline recurrence risk increasingly guides adjuvant endocrine therapy for hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative early breast cancer (BC). The monarchE trial demonstrated the benefits of adding abemaciclib to endocrine therapy for high-risk patients. However, differences in baseline recurrence risks within monarchE Cohort 1 subgroups and their impact on absolute benefit remain unclear.

Does 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Prevent Colorectal Cancer in Tumour Necrosis Factor: Treated Ulcerative Colitis? A Real-World Study.

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) has long been regarded as chemopreventive, it remains unclear whether 5-ASA therapy still confers this benefit when used concomitantly with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the nationwide Japanese Medical Data Vision database.

Thermally Induced Surface Self-Passivation in Tin Perovskite Solar Cells.

Due to the band offset, there is significant interfacial recombination between the tin-based perovskite and C, which exhibits excellent electron transport capability. Here, we introduce a novel strategy leveraging surface self-passivation through controlled thermal decomposition to reduce the level of interfacial recombination substantially. By carefully tuning the annealing temperature (70 vs 100 °C) and organic cation composition (diethylammonium (DEA) vs methylamine (MA)), we achieve selective surface restructuring and SnI formation, effectively suppressing interfacial recombination at the perovskite/C interface.

A Synchronous Gastric Intramural Metastasis from Multiple Gastric Cancers.

Introduction: Although intramural metastasis has been reported in esophageal cancer, it is extremely rare in gastric cancer. In this report, we describe a case of gastric intramural metastasis in a patient with multiple gastric cancers.

Case Presentation: A 49-year-old woman was referred to our hospital after abnormalities were detected during barium screening.

Efficacy of Eribulin Monotherapy in Patients With Unresectable and/or Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Receiving Platinum-Based Therapy.

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the second most common and treatment-resistant salivary gland carcinoma (SGC). Although platinum-based therapies are effective, the efficacy of eribulin, a microtubule inhibitor with an 18% response rate in a Phase II trial involving recurrent/metastatic SGC, in patients with advanced ACC after platinum therapy remains unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 19 patients with unresectable/metastatic ACC treated with platinum-based therapy between December 2015 and January 2023 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan.

Evaluation of the 22G Franseen needle and 22G Lancet needle for endoscopic ultrasonography-guided tissue acquisition sampling in solid pancreatic lesions: Propensity score weighting.

Background And Aim: Advantages of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) using a Lancet and Franseen needles have been evaluated and compared. However, little is known about the performance of each needle in diagnostic methods such as cytology and histology or the amount of blood contamination associated with each needle. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic yield and amount of blood contamination between two needles in patients with solid pancreatic lesions.

Anti-integrin αvβ6 autoantibody in patients with ulcerative colitis after proctocolectomy: a cross-sectional study in Japan.

Background/aims: Pouchitis is a common complication in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) following colectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Recent studies have identified a novel autoantibody against integrin αvβ6 in patients with UC, correlated with disease activity. This study aimed to assess the association between serum anti-integrin αvβ6 antibody levels and pouch inflammation in patients with postoperative UC.

Impact of aging on spermatogenic function and reproductive outcomes in repro57 heterozygous male mice: A model for age-related infertility.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the histological changes, sperm parameters, and their impact on embryo development rates and offspring numbers in advanced-age male repro57 heterozygous mice, corresponding to approximately 40 years of age in humans.

Methods: Sperm parameters were assessed in both young and advanced-age repro57 heterozygous mice, as well as in young and advanced-age wild-type mice. Additionally, testis weight and histological analysis of seminiferous tubules were conducted to identify degenerative changes.

Post-endoscopy esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with invasion of the muscularis mucosa or deeper detected in surveillance endoscopy after esophageal endoscopic resection.

Background: Surveillance endoscopy is recommended after endoscopic resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). However, surveillance endoscopy sometimes detects advanced subsequent ESCCs with invasion of the muscularis mucosa (MM) or deeper. We aimed to clarify the clinicopathological features of these advanced subsequent ESCCs.

Efficacy of 1 L Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid With Linaclotide Versus Senna for Bowel Preparation: A Multicenter, Endoscopist-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial (Apple Trial).

Introduction: No bowel preparation (BP) for colonoscopy achieves optimal efficacy and tolerability. Combining polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid (PEG-Asc) with adjuvants has been explored to enhance cleansing efficacy and reduce the required volume. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether adding 0.

Improved outcomes of endoscopic treatment for delayed perforation following endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric epithelial neoplasms.

Background And Study Aims: Emergency surgery is usually required for patients with delayed perforation after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); however, cases of successful endoscopic treatment recently have been reported. Here, we elucidated the usefulness of endoscopic intervention for patients with delayed perforation.

Patients And Methods: Patients who underwent gastric ESD from 2005 to 2022 were assessed for eligibility.

Endoscopic diagnosis and management of eosinophilic esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease, and its incidence and prevalence have recently increased. Eosinophilic esophagitis has not become a rare disease; thus, knowledge for diagnosing it is needed in current clinical practice. The adequate management of endoscopic procedures is particularly important for the diagnosis and evaluation of inflammatory activity and therapeutic responses.

Impact of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid on Ustekinumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Medical Claims Analysis.

Background: The efficacy of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in combination with advanced therapies (ADTs), particularly ustekinumab (UST), for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear.

Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis used data from the Medical Data Vision database, including patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) who had initiated UST therapy. Cumulative UST continuation rates and factors associated with UST failure were analyzed, and post hoc subgroup analyses based on prior ADT use were conducted.

Asia-Pacific Survey on the Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Background And Aim: Gastric cancer (GC)-related incidence and mortality rates remain high owing to Helicobacter pylori infection in Asia, and the importance of primary and secondary prevention of GC has been well recognized. We aimed to investigate the extent of overall agreement among clinicians in the Asia-Pacific region regarding the management of H. pylori infection.