Updated global distribution of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein variants and their correlation with vector susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The global distribution of Plasmodium vivax Circumsporozoite Protein variants (PvCSP), VK210, VK247, and P. vivax-like, plays a crucial role in malaria transmission and vaccine development. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence of these variants in humans and their association with Anopheles species worldwide.