Neurophysiological effects of high-frequency spinal cord stimulation on cortico-sensory areas in large ovine animal model.

Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) has been a cornerstone in managing chronic pain since the late 1960s. However, traditional SCS is often associated with variable efficacy and side effects, driving the development of advanced techniques like high-frequency SCS (hSCS). Previous studies have demonstrated that the power of high-frequency cerebral oscillations increases as a function of stimulus intensity and plays a critical role in local neural processing of peripheral sensory stimuli.

Sustained Therapeutic Benefits Using Image-Guided Programming at Activation of Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.

Background: The efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) depends on optimizing stimulation parameters for each patient, a time-sensitive process. Image-guided programming (IGP) offers a promising method to streamline this.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of an IGP tool with directional leads during the initial programming of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS in PD patients.

Accuracy and initial outcomes for stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy using a fully MRI-compatible platform.

Objective: Minimally invasive MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is an approach increasingly recognized as an effective tool for treating epileptic foci. Recent literature reports that stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy (SLAH) for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) results in seizure-freedom rates comparable to those of analogous open selective amygdalohippocampectomy with a potentially more favorable neurocognitive adverse effect profile. However, many SLAH series show heterogenous results.

Neuropsychological outcomes of hippocampus-sparing anterior temporal lobectomy versus stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampectomy in language-dominant temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Postoperative neuropsychological deficits pose a significant challenge for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery, particularly in the language-dominant hemisphere. Two surgical approaches have been suggested to mitigate such adverse outcomes: stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampectomy (SLAH) and hippocampus-sparing anterior temporal lobectomy (HSATL). This retrospective cohort study compares the seizure control and neuropsychological outcomes of HSATL and SLAH in language-dominant TLE.

Safety of intracranial electrodes in an MRI environment: a technical report.

Introduction: Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) involves placing intracranial electrodes to localise seizures in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables visualisation of electrodes within patient-specific anatomy, the safety of these electrodes must be confirmed prior to routine clinical utilisation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of iEEG electrodes from a particular manufacturer in a 3.

Anatomic Variations of Foramen Ovale as a Predictor of Successful Cannulation in Percutaneous Trigeminal Rhizotomies.

Background And Objectives: Percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomies are common treatment modalities for medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Failure of these procedures is frequently due to surgical inability to cannulate the foramen ovale (FO) and is thought to be due to variations in anatomy. The purpose of this study is to characterize the relationships between anatomic features surrounding FO and investigate the association between anatomic morphology and successful cannulation of FO in patients undergoing percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy.

No change in network connectivity measurements between separate rsfMRI acquisition times.

The role of resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) is increasing in the field of epilepsy surgery because it is possible to interpolate network connectivity patterns across the brain with a high degree of spatial resolution. Prior studies have shown that by rsfMRI with scalp electroencephalography (EEG), an epileptogenic network can be modeled and visualized with characteristic patterns of connectivity that are relevant to both seizure-related and neuropsychological outcomes after surgery. The aim of this study is to show that a 5-min acquisition time provides reproducible results related to the relevant connectivity metrics when compared to a separately acquired 5-min scan.

Deep brain stimulation for chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown promise in effectively treating chronic pain. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of DBS in this context.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, following the PRISMA guidelines.

Does Head Positioning After Percutaneous Glycerol Rhizotomy for Trigeminal Neuralgia Matter?

Background: Percutaneous glycerol rhizotomy (PGR) is a minimally invasive procedure for patients with trigeminal neuralgia who are not candidates for microvascular decompression. PGR has widely varying success rates. It has been postulated that differences in post-injection head positioning might account for the various success rates.

Deep brain stimulation for substance use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant public health issue with a high mortality rate. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown promising results in treating SUD in certain cases. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of DBS in the treatment of SUD and reduction of relapse rates.

Effects of Very Low- and High-Frequency Subthalamic Stimulation on Motor Cortical Oscillations During Rhythmic Lower-Limb Movements in Parkinson's Disease Patients.

Background: Standard high-frequency deep brain stimulation (HF-DBS) at the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is less effective for lower-limb motor dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, the effects of very low frequency (VLF; 4 Hz)-DBS on lower-limb movement and motor cortical oscillations have not been compared.

Objective: To compare the effects of VLF-DBS and HF-DBS at the STN on a lower-limb pedaling motor task and motor cortical oscillations in patients with PD and with and without freezing of gait (FOG).

Therapies, Research Funding, and Racial Diversity in Essential Tremor: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common tremor disorders in the world. Despite this, only one medication, propranolol, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat it.

Objectives: We analyzed controlled clinical trials in ET, spanning the last 50 years, to identify potential shortcomings in the therapeutic clinical pipeline.

Necessity and feasibility of remote tele-programming of deep brain stimulation systems in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Outcomes after deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy are dependent on good surgical placement in the target nucleus and optimized stimulation parameters through multiple programming sessions. This often requires frequent travel to a specialized DBS center, which presents a challenge for those with limited access. Recently, the FDA approved a remote tele-programming solution for DBS.

A retrospective comparison of cognitive performance in individuals with advanced Parkinson's Disease in Hong Kong and Canada.

A deeper understanding of the cross-cultural applicability of cognitive tests across countries and cultures is needed to better equip neuropsychologists for the assessment of patients from diverse backgrounds. Our study compared cognitive test scores in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) at the Prince of Wales Hospital ( = 63; Hong Kong) and the Foothills Medical Center ( = 20; Calgary, Canada). The groups did not differ in age or sex ( > .

Seizure Freedom After Epilepsy Surgery and Higher Baseline Cognition May Be Associated With a Negatively Correlated Epilepsy Network in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Brain regions positively correlated with the epileptogenic zone in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy vary in spread across the brain and in the degree of correlation to the temporal lobes, thalamus, and limbic structures, and these parameters have been associated with pre-operative cognitive impairment and seizure freedom after epilepsy surgery, but negatively correlated regions have not been as well studied. We hypothesize that connectivity within a negatively correlated epilepsy network may predict which patients with temporal lobe epilepsy will respond best to surgery. Scalp EEG and resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) were collected from 19 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and used to estimate the irritative zone.

Computer-assisted planning for minimally invasive anterior two-thirds laser corpus callosotomy: A feasibility study with probabilistic tractography validation.

Background: Anterior two-thirds corpus callosotomy is an effective palliative neurosurgical procedure for drug-refractory epilepsy that is most commonly used to treat drop-attacks. Laser interstitial thermal therapy is a novel stereotactic ablative technique that has been utilised as a minimally invasive alternative to resective and disconnective open neurosurgery. Case series have reported success in performing laser anterior two-thirds corpus callosotomy.

Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Third Ventricle Colloid Cyst Resection: Case Series With a Proposed Grading System.

Background: Endoscopic resection of colloid cysts has gained recent widespread practice. However, reported complication and recurrence rates are variable, possibly, in part, because of a lack of consistency with reporting of the extent of cyst capsule removal.

Objective: To present the long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection of third ventricle colloid cysts without complete capsule removal and propose a grading system to allow consistent description of surgical outcomes.

Management of Early Parkinson Disease.

Early Parkinson disease is the approximate time period between initial diagnosis and the onset of motor fluctuations. Treatment requires an integrative approach, including identification of motor and nonmotor symptoms, choice of pharmacologic treatment, and emphasis on exercise. Patients should be treated for motor symptoms, whereas medications may be delayed for milder symptoms.

Clinical outcomes of pallidal deep brain stimulation for dystonia implanted using intraoperative MRI.

Objective: Lead placement for deep brain stimulation (DBS) using intraoperative MRI (iMRI) relies solely on real-time intraoperative neuroimaging to guide electrode placement, without microelectrode recording (MER) or electrical stimulation. There is limited information, however, on outcomes after iMRI-guided DBS for dystonia. The authors evaluated clinical outcomes and targeting accuracy in patients with dystonia who underwent lead placement using an iMRI targeting platform.

Use of a Subtemporal Approach for a Salvage Placement of a Trigeminal Ganglion Stimulating Electrode for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain.

Background: Trigeminal ganglion stimulation can be effective for trigeminal neuralgia. For patients who respond well to neurostimulation delivered percutaneously through the foramen ovale but require extensive revision and removal of instrumentation, a subtemporal approach for stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion is an alternative option as a salvage procedure.

Case Description: We report on a 47-year-old woman who responded well to neurostimulation for trigeminal neuropathic pain over a 1-year period from 2008 to 2009.

A neurosurgeon`s view: Laser interstitial thermal therapy of mesial temporal lobe structures.

Stereotactic laser ablation of mesial temporal structures is a promising new surgical intervention for patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Since this procedure was first used to treat MTLE in 2010, the literature contains reports of 37 patients that underwent MR-guided stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy (SLAH) using Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) with at least 1year of follow-up. This early body of data suggests that SLAH is a safe and effective treatment for MTLE in properly selected patients.

Occipital Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Refractory Occipital Neuralgia: A Case Series.

Background: Occipital neuralgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by sharp, shooting pains in the distribution of the occipital nerves. Although relatively rare, it associated with extremely debilitating symptoms that drastically affect a patient's quality of life. Furthermore, it is extremely difficult to treat as the symptoms are refractory to traditional treatments, including pharmacologic and procedural interventions.

High frequency stimulation of the infralimbic cortex induces morphological changes in rat hippocampal neurons.

Background: Although a significant subset of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) fail to respond to medical or behavioural therapy, deep brain stimulation (DBS) applied to the subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC; sg25) has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms in a subset of patients. This area receives projections from neurons in the CA1 region and subiculum of the hippocampus (HC), a brain region implicated in the pathobiology and treatment of MDD.

Objective: To assess whether high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the infralimbic cortex is associated with changes in cellular morphology in the HC.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for treatment of adult hydrocephalus: long-term follow-up of 163 patients.

OBJECTIVE The efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus has been extensively reported in the literature. However, ETV-related long-term outcome data are lacking for the adult hydrocephalus population. The objective of the present study was to assess the role of ETV as a primary or secondary treatment for hydrocephalus in adults.