Predicting Body Weight from Birth to Old Age in Giant Pandas Using Machine Learning.

The giant panda () is one of the animals with the largest body weight differences between its birth and adult stages, where the newborn cub is 0.1% the size of its mother. The rapid growth of panda cubs has been reported previously, but little is known about the growth pattern of their entire lifetime.

Genetic Contexts Characterize Dynamic Histone Modification Patterns Among Cell Types.

Histone modifications play critical roles in mammalian development, regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. Dynamic histone modifications among cell types have been shown to associate with changes in mammalian development. However, how to quantitatively measure the histone modification alterations and how histone modifications vary across cell types under different genetic contexts remain largely unexplored and whether these changes are related to the primary DNA sequence remains limited.

Visible-Light-Driven Palladium-Catalyzed Radical Alkylation of C-H Bonds with Unactivated Alkyl Bromides.

Reported herein is a novel visible-light photoredox system with Pd(PPh ) as the sole catalyst for the realization of the first direct cross-coupling of C(sp )-H bonds in N-aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines with unactivated alkyl bromides. Moreover, intra- and intermolecular alkylations of heteroarenes were also developed under mild reaction conditions. A variety of tertiary, secondary, and primary alkyl bromides undergo reaction to generate C(sp )-C(sp ) and C(sp )-C(sp ) bonds in moderate to excellent yields.

Transition-Metal-Free Lactonization of sp C-H Bonds with CO.

The transition-metal-free lactonization of heteroaryl and alkenyl C-H bonds with carbon dioxide is reported to synthesize important coumarin derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. These redox-neutral reactions feature a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, facile scalability, and easy product derivatization.