α-Bisabolol alleviates doxorubicin-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats via enhancing the hippocampal BDNF/TrKB signaling and inhibiting neuroinflammation.

Chemofog is a serious sequela commonly manifested among cancer patients receiving doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy. Our goal was to explore the abrogative action of α-Bisabolol (BISA), a phytochemical sesquiterpene, against DOX-induced cognitive deficit. Rats were allocated into 5 groups: Group I: control; Group II received BISA orally (100 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks); Group III received DOX (2 mg/kg/week/i.

Current Review of Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics in Small Animal Medicine.

Monoclonal antibody therapy has been a cornerstone of human healthcare for nearly four decades, effectively treating a wide range of diseases including cancers, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory conditions. However, its application in veterinary medicine is a relatively recent development, offering a promising therapeutic approach for managing chronic diseases in small animals. Dogs and cats, like humans, suffer from chronic conditions such as cancer, arthritis, allergies, and chronic pain, which mAb therapy could potentially address.

Ferulic acid ameliorates concanavalin A-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice via suppressing TGF-β/smad signaling.

Background And Aim: Hepatic fibrosis, one of the main reasons for death globally, is a serious complication of chronic liver disorders. However, the available therapies for liver fibrosis are limited, ineffective, and often associated with adverse events. Hence, seeking for a novel, effective therapy is warranted.

Probiotics and Postbiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotics: An Emphasis on Pigs.

Probiotics are being used as feed/food supplements as an alternative to antibiotics. It has been demonstrated that probiotics provide several health benefits, including preventing diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and immunomodulation. Alongside probiotic bacteria-fermented foods, the different structural components, such as lipoteichoic acids, teichoic acids, peptidoglycans, and surface-layer proteins, offer several advantages.

Should Airway Interstitial Fluid Be Used to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Macrolide Antibiotics for Dose Regimen Determination in Respiratory Infection?

Macrolide antibiotics are important drugs to combat infections. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of these drugs are essential for the determination of their optimal dose regimens, which affect antimicrobial pharmacodynamics and treatment success. For most drugs, the measurement of their concentrations in plasma/serum is the surrogate for drug concentrations in target tissues for therapy.

Antagonism of cadmium-induced liver injury in ducks by α-bisabolol.

Cadmium (Cd) is an ecological pollutant which causes hazardous effects in animals and humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of α-bisabolol (BISA) in antagonizing the Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in ducks. Two-week old ducks were allocated into 8 groups (10 ducks/group): Group I received basal diet and was gavaged with sunflower oil (BISA vehicle, 1.

Evaluation of Recent Intranasal Drug Delivery Systems to the Central Nervous System.

Neurological diseases continue to increase in prevalence worldwide. Combined with the lack of modifiable risk factors or strongly efficacious therapies, these disorders pose a significant and growing burden on healthcare systems and societies. The development of neuroprotective or curative therapies is limited by a variety of factors, but none more than the highly selective blood-brain barrier.

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Spiramycin against in Chickens.

This research aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) and tissue residues of spiramycin in chickens. The PK of spiramycin were determined in 12 chickens using a parallel study design in which each group of chickens ( = 6) received a single dose of spiramycin at 17 mg/kg intravenously (IV) or orally. Plasma samples were collected at assigned times for up to 48 h to measure spiramycin concentrations.

Consuming Different Structural Parts of Bamboo Induce Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Giant Pandas.

Giant pandas consume different structural parts of bamboo (shoots, leaves and culms) during different seasons. Previous research showed different bamboo parts have varying nutritional content and that a long-term diet consisting of a single part of bamboo resulted in remarkable metabolic changes within captive giant pandas. However, the effects on the gut microbiome of giant pandas, as a result of a single bamboo part diet, have not been investigated.

Characterization of Nuclear Progesterone Receptor Isoforms in the Term Equine Placenta.

In equine parturition, the role of progestins along with the nuclear progesterone receptor (nPR) signaling pathway in the placenta is not completely clarified. The progestins play an integral role in maintaining myometrial quiescence during the late stage of pregnancy via acting on nPR isoforms (PRA and PRB; PRB is more active than PRA). The current study aimed to determine the PRA and PRB expressions in the term equine placenta at the gene and protein levels.

Protective Effect of Maxim. Extract against Ethanol-Induced Gastritis in Rats.

Maxim (Korean pear) has been used for hundreds of years as a traditional herbal medicine for asthma, cough, and atopic dermatitis in Korea and China. Although it was originally shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiatopic properties, its gastroprotective effects have not been investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of Maxim extract (PUE) against ethanol-induced gastritis in rats.

Tissue Residues and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Tiamulin Against in Ducks.

The pharmacokinetics of tiamulin were studied in 2 groups of ducks ( = 6) after its oral administration at 2 different doses (30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively). Plasma concentrations of tiamulin were measured by high performance liquid chromatography at different time points up to 24 h post-administration. The maximum plasma concentrations were 0.

The Effect of Soluble Fiber Dextrin on Subjective and Physiological Markers of Appetite: A Randomized Trial.

Obesity is a leading public health problem throughout the world. The development of foods that increase satiety and reduce food may aid weight management. This study determined the effect of consuming soluble fiber dextrin (SFD) on appetite, appetitive hormones, breath hydrogen and food intake in adults.

Effects of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in rabbits.

This study was aimed to investigate the influence of verapamil-mediated inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin (IVM) given orally and subcutaneously (SC) to rabbits. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were allotted to 4 groups (n = 5) and received IVM either orally or SC (0.4 mg/kg) alone or co-administered with verapamil (2 mg/kg SC, 3 times at a 12-hr interval).

Review of extralabel use of isoxazolines for treatment of demodicosis in dogs and cats.

Amitraz is presently the only FDA-approved treatment for demodicosis in dogs in the United States. Amitraz treatment involves a protracted course of administration and risks of severe adverse effects such as sedation, bradycardia, and respiratory depression, which are caused by activation of α-adrenergic receptors. Other treatment options include macrocyclic lactones and lime sulfur, but these products have varied efficacy and high risks of adverse effects.

Comparative genomics reveals bamboo feeding adaptability in the giant panda ().

The giant panda () is one of the world's most endangered mammals and remains threatened as a result of intense environmental and anthropogenic pressure. The transformation and specialization of the giant panda's diet into a herbivorous diet have resulted in unique adaptabilities in many aspects of their biology, physiology and behavior. However, little is known about their adaptability at the molecular level.

Pharmacokinetics, tissue residues, and ex vivo pharmacodynamics of tylosin against Mycoplasma anatis in ducks.

The pharmacokinetics of tylosin were investigated in 3 groups of ducks (n = 6). They received a single dose of tylosin (50 mg/kg) by intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and oral administrations, respectively. Plasma samples were collected at various time points to 24 hr post-administration to evaluate tylosin concentration over time.

The effect of soluble fiber dextrin on postprandial appetite and subsequent food intake in healthy adults.

Objectives: This crossover study investigated the effect of consuming a beverage that contains soluble fiber dextrin (SFD) on appetite and food intake in adults to test the hypothesis that beverages that contain 10 or 20 g of fiber from SFD would be more satiating than the control beverage.

Methods: Forty-one participants consumed lunch with a beverage that contained 0 g, 10 g, or 20 g of fiber from SFD. Appetite questionnaires were completed and blood samples collected immediately before lunch and at regular intervals over the following 150 min.

Mechanism of intranasal drug delivery directly to the brain.

Neurological diseases are becoming increasingly prominent worldwide due to rapidly aging populations, which greatly contributes to increasing healthcare costs. The development of neuroprotective drugs has so far proven exceptionally difficult due to the blood-brain barrier. One novel approach to address this challenge is to administer drugs intranasally to noninvasively bypass the blood-brain barrier.

The etiology of oxidative stress in insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance is a prevalent syndrome in developed as well as developing countries. It is the predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, the most common end stage development of metabolic syndrome in the United States. Previously, studies investigating type 2 diabetes have focused on beta cell dysfunction in the pancreas and insulin resistance, and developing ways to correct these dysfunctions.

Effect of resistant wheat starch on subjective appetite and food intake in healthy adults.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of replacing standard wheat flour (SWF) with resistant wheat starch (RWS) on markers of appetite and food intake in healthy adults.

Methods: A randomized, single-blind, crossover study was conducted with 27 healthy adults (ages 23 ± 2 y with a body mass index of 23.0 ± 3.

Cyanidin Stimulates Insulin Secretion and Pancreatic β-Cell Gene Expression through Activation of l-type Voltage-Dependent Ca Channels.

Cyanidin is a natural anthocyanidin present in fruits and vegetables with anti-diabetic properties including stimulation of insulin secretion. However, its mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, we elucidated the mechanisms of cyanidin for stimulatory insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells.

Taurine and vitamin E supplementations have minimal effects on body composition, hepatic lipids, and blood hormone and metabolite concentrations in healthy Sprague Dawley rats.

Background: As prescriptions for off-label pharmaceutical use and autonomous administration of over-the-counter nutraceuticals become mainstream, thorough assessments of these compounds are warranted.

Objective: To determine the effects of gemfibrozil, rosiglitazone, metformin, taurine, and vitamin E on body composition, hepatic lipids, and metabolic hormone and blood metabolite concentrations in a healthy, outbred rat cohort.

Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a purified 10 kcal% from fat diet for 56 days and assigned to diet alone (control) or diet plus oral administration of gemfibrozil (34 mg/kg), metformin (500 mg/kg), rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg), taurine (520 mg/kg), or vitamin E (200 mg/kg).

Hypolipidemic and Hepatic Steatosis Preventing Activities of the Wood Ear Medicinal Mushroom Auricularia auricula-judae (Higher Basidiomycetes) Ethanol Extract In Vivo and In Vitro.

Obesity, a rapidly growing threat to human health worldwide, is responsible for a large proportion of the total burden of disease. Therefore, obesity control could be a vital scheme to prevent many diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the activities and mechanism of Auricularia auricula-judae 70% ethanol extract (AAE) in preventing hypolipidemic and hepatic steatosis.