Systematic review of co-culture methods for studying vaginal biofilm formation in bacterial vaginosis.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by depletion of Lactobacillus spp. and increased abundance of facultative and strict anaerobic species. Gardnerella spp.

Quantification of Lactobacillus spp. of interest for the study of the vaginal microbiota.

The optimal vaginal microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus spp., particularly Lactobacillus crispatus or Lactobacillus gasseri. Lactic acid production by Lactobacillus inhibits the growth of other bacterial species.

Gender Differences on the Awareness of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Vaccination.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is implicated in causing several types of cancer, including cervical cancer. In Brazil, the quadrivalent HPV vaccine is provided free of charge for children between the ages of 9 and 14. Nevertheless, the vaccination coverage rate has remained below 60% since its implementation in 2014.