Integrating digital health into pediatric obesity management: Current practices and future perspectives.

Background: Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern with significant cardiometabolic consequences. While conventional treatment approaches often fail to achieve sustained outcomes, emerging digital health interventions (DHIs)-including mobile applications, educational video games, wearable devices, telemedicine, and social media-offer innovative tools to support lifestyle modifications and enhance therapeutic adherence.

Methods: In this narrative review, we focus on the main evidence regarding the effectiveness of DHIs for pediatric obesity treatment according to target (children vs.

Artificial intelligence for solving pediatric clinical cases: A Retrieval-Augmented approach utilizing Llama3.2 and structured references.

Background: The "hallucinations" of Large Language Models (LLMs) raise concerns about their accuracy in pediatrics. This study aimed to evaluate whether integrating information from the Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics through a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system could enhance the performance of Llama3.2 in addressing complex pediatric clinical cases.

Liver-Kidney Crosstalk in Major Pediatric Diseases: Unraveling the Complexities and Clinical Challenges.

The liver and kidneys are two of the most vital organs, each with distinct but overlapping functions essential for maintaining homeostasis. The complex interplay between these organs, commonly referred to as liver-kidney crosstalk, plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of several acute and chronic conditions in childhood. Despite its importance, the precise biological mechanisms driving this interaction remain incompletely understood.

Paliperidone-Induced Massive Asymptomatic Creatine Kinase Elevation in Youth: From a Case Report to Literature Review.

Background/objectives: Unlike rhabdomyolysis and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), massive asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation (MACKE) represents a condition commonly detected during routine screening in patients receiving antipsychotic drugs. In particular, current evidence indicates a greater incidence of this condition in patients without signs of NMS, rhabdomyolysis, or other causes of CK increase during exposure to second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) than first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) with a variable onset and duration. Although its pathophysiology is still not fully elucidated, MACKE has usually been recognized as a self-limiting condition, but drug discontinuation might also be required to successfully revert it.

A miRNA-Based Approach in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Challenges and Insights from Adult to Pediatric Evidence.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) represents the most common inherited kidney disorder leading to kidney failure in a significant percentage of patients over time. Although previously considered as an adult disease, robust evidence demonstrated that clinical manifestations might occur during childhood and adolescence. Therefore, early identification and treatment of the disease are of cardinal importance for pediatricians to ensure the best long-term outcomes.

Kidney Damage in Pediatric Obesity: Insights from an Emerging Perspective.

The role of obesity as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adulthood has been well established. Over the last years, kidney damage (KD) has emerged as a significant consequence of obesity since childhood. Indeed, a complex interplay of metabolic factors, including insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, oxidative stress, adipose tissue dysfunction, and systemic inflammation, might affect renal hemodynamics, contributing to CKD development over time in at-risk young patients.

Role of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and of its genetics on kidney function in childhood obesity.

Objectives: Evidence linked metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) to kidney damage with the potential contribution of the I148M variant of the Patatin-like phospholipase containing domain 3 (PNPLA3) gene. We aimed at investigating the relationship of MASLD and of its genetics with kidney function in children with obesity.

Methods: A comprehensive evaluation including genotyping for the I148M PNPLA3 polymorphism was performed in 1037 children with obesity.

Unveiling Artificial Intelligence's Power: Precision, Personalization, and Progress in Rheumatology.

This review examines the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in rheumatology, focusing on its potential impact in key areas. AI, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), is revolutionizing diagnosis, treatment personalization, and prognosis prediction in rheumatologic diseases. Specifically, AI models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) demonstrate significant efficacy in analyzing medical images for disease classification and severity assessment.

Basal knowledge in the field of pediatric nephrology and its enhancement following specific training of ChatGPT-4 "omni" and Gemini 1.5 Flash.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the baseline performance and improvement of ChatGPT-4 "omni" (ChatGPT-4o) and Gemini 1.5 Flash (Gemini 1.5) in answering multiple-choice questions related to pediatric nephrology after specific training.

[Remote patient monitoring in dialysis patients: the "change of pace" for home dialysis.].

Lockdown and self-isolation are to date the only solution to limit the spread of recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (CoViD-19), highlighting the great advantage of home dialysis in a patient otherwise forced to travel from / to the dialysis center to receive this "life-saving" treatment. Indeed, to prevent spreading of CoViD-19 infection among extremely fragile dialysis patients, as well as among dialysis workers, hemodialysis (HD) centers are adopting specific procedures ("dedicated" dialysis facilities, portable osmosis, etc.) with a great economic and organizational commitment.