Accessing Femoral Arteries Less than 3 mm in Diameter is Associated with Increased Incidence of Loss of Pulse Following Cardiac Catheterization in Infants.

To evaluate whether avoidance of a risk factor associated with loss of pulse (LOP) following femoral artery (FA) catheterization in infants identified from previous study, was associated with decreased incidence of LOP during a prospective evaluation. Since initiation of routine ultrasound guided femoral arterial access (UGFAA) for infants undergoing catheterization in Jan 2003-Dec 2011 (Period-1), our incidence of LOP had stayed steady. Prospective evaluation between Jan 2012-Dec 2014 (Period-2), identified FA-diameter < 3 mm as risk factor for LOP.

Construction of Femoral Vessel Nomograms for Planning Cardiac Interventional Procedures in Children 0-4 Years Old.

The objectives of this study were to construct femoral artery (FA) and femoral vein (FV) nomograms in children aged 0-4 years and to construct probability curves for the occurrence of arterial access complications based on the size of the FA. The FV and FA are commonly accessed during cardiac catheterizations in children with congenital heart diseases (CHD). However, nomograms for vessel dimensions based on child's age or size are not available.

High thermal amplitude auto-anti-"N" complicating pretransfusion compatibility tests on a patient with malaria and bladder cancer.

Background: Antigen "N" is a high-frequency antigen of the MNS blood groups and carried on glycophorin B that is resistant to enzymatic cleavage by trypsin, and provides differential diagnosis of its antibody specificity to being present of glycophorin A. Naturally occurring IgM antibodies to are known to be clinically insignificant, as against the IgG counterpart with clinical relevance.

Aim: Auto-anti-"N" association with the bladder cancer was explored for its clinical significance as well as its interference in grouping anomaly.

Use of 3-D digital subtraction rotational angiography during cardiac catheterization of infants and adults with congenital heart diseases.

Objective: To compare image quality, radiation and contrast doses required to obtain 3D-Digital subtraction rotational angiography (3D-DSRA) with 3D-Digital rotational angiography (3D-DRA) in infants (children ≤ 2 years of age) and adults with congenital heart diseases (ACHD).

Background: 3D-DRA can be performed with radiation doses comparable to bi-plane cine-angiography. However, 3D-DRA in infants requires a large contrast volume.

Clinical evaluation of a radio-protective cream for the hands of the pediatric interventional cardiologist.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of UltraBLOX™ radiation attenuating hand cream during lengthy cardiac catheterization procedures in children.

Background: The hands of interventional cardiologists receive high doses of radiation due to their proximity to the X-ray beam. Radiation attenuating gloves have about a 26% attenuation rate, but reduce dexterity and tactile sensation.

Ultrasound-guided femoral arterial access in pediatric cardiac catheterizations: A prospective evaluation of the prevalence, risk factors, and mechanism for acute loss of arterial pulse.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence, mechanisms, and identify risk factors for acute loss of arterial pulse (LOP) in children who had ultrasound-guided femoral arterial access (UGFAA) during cardiac catheterization.

Background: LOP is a known complication in children following femoral arterial (FA) access for cardiac catheterization. The prevalence of LOP requiring treatment ranges between 4% and 8%.

Morphologic characterization of the patent ductus arteriosus in the premature infant and the choice of transcatheter occlusion device.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe and differentiate the morphology of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) seen in children born prematurely from other PDA types.

Background: PDAs are currently classified as types A-E using the Krichenko's classification. Children born prematurely with a PDA morphology that did not fit this classification were described as Type F PDA.