Persistent central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in protein S and C4b complement deficiency.

A late-adolescent female presented with sudden-onset, painless diminution of vision in her left eye, with multiple treatment interventions and recurrences of symptoms, over one year. She was diagnosed with left eye central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and was given eight intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (ranibizumab) injections elsewhere, with only transient improvement followed by recurrence of retinal haemorrhages and macular oedema. Considering her young age and absence of typical risk factors, a detailed infectious, autoimmune and hematologic workup was performed.

NDUFV1 mutation presenting as isolated progressive optic neuropathy: a unique manifestation of mitochondrial complex I deficiency.

Mutations in the NDUFV1 gene, encoding a subunit of mitochondrial complex I, are typically associated with severe neurological disorders such as Leigh syndrome. We report a pre-teen girl with progressive bilateral optic atrophy and steady visual deterioration, without neurological findings or systemic involvement. Neuroimaging was unremarkable for white matter lesions or structural brain lesions.

Clinical and Etiological Spectrum of Third, Fourth, Sixth, and Seventh Cranial Nerve Palsies: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Impairment of the third, fourth, sixth, and seventh cranial nerves can lead to neuro-ophthalmic symptoms that severely affect visual function and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile, etiological spectrum, and anatomical localization of ocular cranial nerve palsies involving the third, fourth, sixth, and seventh cranial nerves in patients presenting to a tertiary healthcare center in central India.

Materials And Methods: This 12-month cross-sectional observational study involved 30 patients presenting with diplopia, headache, facial asymmetry, or restricted ocular movements.

Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome on Macular Edema Severity and Response to Intravitreal Ranibizumab in Diabetic Retinopathy and Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a condition characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete blockage of the upper airway during sleep, leading to disrupted breathing and poor sleep quality. In individuals with OSAS, blood oxygen levels can drop significantly due to repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep. The retina is highly sensitive to oxygen levels, and prolonged hypoxemia can contribute to retinal damage and worsen macular edema.

Ethambutol-Induced Optic Neuropathy: A Retrospective Study of Incidences and Risk Factors.

Purpose: The present study aims to determine the incidences of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EON) and its associated risk factors in Central Indian tertiary care centers.

Materials And Methods: A single-centered retrospective observational study was conducted. Data was collected from the Directly Observed Therapy Short-course (DOTS) centre after the revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) 2016 guidelines were implemented.

Successful management of a rare intraorbital wooden foreign body extending to the orbital apex in a paediatric patient.

Intraorbital foreign bodies (IOFBs) are a recognised complication of orbital trauma, but intraorbital wooden foreign bodies are rare and pose significant diagnostic and management challenges due to their radiolucency, high risk of infection and potential for severe inflammation. This case describes a rare presentation of a young boy who sustained orbital trauma after an 8-foot fall, resulting in a 5 cm × 3 cm wooden IOFB extending to the orbital apex with an associated sphenoid fracture. He presented with proptosis, an inferotemporal scleral indentation mimicking retinal detachment and a lateral infraorbital laceration.

Study of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis and its correlates during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary eye care institute of central India.

Purpose: To evaluate factors associated with the occurrence of ROCM in COVID-19 patients and to compare its related parameters and outcomes between active and recovered COVID-19 groups.

Methods: A total of 35 patients of ROCM associated with COVID-19 (active and post-COVID-19) were included. This is an ambispective study with retrospective medical records review for COVID-19 analysis and prospective assessments of ROCM-associated COVID-19 during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Age-related cataract - Prevalence, epidemiological pattern and emerging risk factors in a cross-sectional study from Central India.

Purpose: To study the epidemiological pattern, prevalence, types, and correlates of age-related cataracts in a tertiary care center in central India.

Methods: This hospital-based single-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,621 patients diagnosed with cataracts for 3 years. Data pertaining to demography, socio-economic profile, cataract grading, cataract types, and associated risk factors were evaluated.

Intracameral Drug Delivery: A Review of Agents, Indications, and Outcomes.

An intracameral (IC) injection directly delivers the drug into the anterior chamber of the eye. This targeted drug delivery technique overcomes the ocular barriers and offers a high therapeutic concentration of medication at the desired site and consequently better clinical outcomes. IC drug delivery is a safe and effective modality with many advantages over topical delivery.

Case of leprosy mimicking preseptal cellulitis: a diagnostic dilemma.

A 36-year-old Asian man presented with swelling over the left frontal region involving the upper eyelids, with associated erythema and tenderness for 1 month duration. Clinically he was diagnosed as a case of preseptal cellulitis, however, the lesion did not improve on broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics. CT showed superficial soft tissue swelling in the forehead extending till the superior part of orbit.

Ocular manifestations of RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases in a large database cross-sectional study.

Objective: To evaluate ocular manifestations of reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients in a validated comparative model, and additionally to evaluate the correlation between severity of COVID-19 and ocular manifestations.

Methods And Analysis: In a prospective cross-sectional study, a total of 2400 subjects were enrolled over a period of 8 months. To eliminate bias of identical ocular symptom profile in other non-COVID-19 respiratory infections and to acquire a comparative model, 1200 COVID-19 RT-PCR-positive patients (group 1) and 1200 RT-PCR-negative patients (group 2) were included.