Cyberbullying and Adolescents.

Purpose Of Review: Cyberbullying is an aggressive behavior involving a type of electronic communication intending to harm a victim that can have profound effects on adolescents. This review examines the epidemiology, issues from cyberbullying, presentation to care of its victims and proposed interventions to this behavior.

Recent Findings: There are a variety of physical and psychological effects on victims of cyberbullying that can include recurrent abdominal pain, headaches and difficulty with sleep.

An approach to evaluate myocardial perfusion defect assessment for projection-based DECT: A phantom study.

Introduction: Dual-energy CT (DECT) can improve the accuracy of myocardial perfusion CT with projection-based monochromatic (DECT-MCE) and quantification of myocardial iodine in material decomposition (DECT-MD) reconstructions. However, evaluation of multiple reconstructions is laborious and the optimal reconstruction to detect myocardial perfusion defects is unknown.

Methods: Left ventricular (LV) phantoms with artificial perfusion defects were scanned using DECT and single energy cardiac computed tomography angiography (SECT).

Estimation of myocardial fibrosis in humans with dual energy CT.

Background: The current clinical standard for in vivo imaging of myocardial fibrosis is contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). We sought to validate a novel non-contrast dual energy computed tomography (DECT) method to estimate myocardial fibrosis in patients undergoing CMR with contrast.

Methods: All subjects underwent non-contrast, prospectively-triggered cardiac DECT on a single source scanner with interleaved acquisition between tube voltages of 80 and 140 kVp.

Correction: Neonatal Resuscitation and Adaptation Score vs Apgar: newborn assessment and predictive ability.

Since the publication of the above article, the authors have noted that the name of the first Item in the NRAS scoring system in Figure 1 was omitted. It is Heart Rate (C1). The authors apologise for any inconvenience caused by this error.

Acute pancreatitis secondary to the use of the anabolic steroid trenbolone acetate.

Background: The use of performance-enhancing drugs has increased dramatically in the last decade with high prevalence reported among the young athlete population. Many of these drugs contain anabolic steroids and may carry potential significant side effects and health risks. We report a case of anabolic steroid-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) that recurred after the reuse of the same drug by the patient, confirming the causative relationship.

Neonatal Resuscitation and Adaptation Score vs Apgar: newborn assessment and predictive ability.

Objective: To test the non-inferiority of an alternative to the Apgar score.

Study Design: The Neonatal Resuscitation and Adaptation Score (NRAS) was recorded in parallel to the Apgar score by a resuscitation team at deliveries. Correlation between the systems was assessed, as well as the predictive ability of NRAS and Apgar scores for mortality or short-term morbidities.

Non-contrast estimation of diffuse myocardial fibrosis with dual energy CT: A phantom study.

Background: Estimation of diffuse myocardial fibrosis, substrate for adverse events such as heart failure and arrhythmias in patients with various cardiac disorders, is presently done by histopathology or cardiac magnetic resonance. We sought to develop a non-contrast method to estimate the amount of diffuse myocardial fibrosis leveraging dual energy computed tomography (DECT) in phantoms and a suitable small animal model.

Methods And Results: Phantoms consisted of homogenized bovine myocardium with varying amounts of Type 1 collagen.

Multiorgan, Multimodality Imaging in Cardiometabolic Disease.

Cardiometabolic disease, spanning conditions such as obesity to type 2 diabetes mellitus with excess cardiovascular risk, represents a major public health burden. Advances in preclinical translational science point to potential targets across multiple organ systems for early intervention to improve cardiometabolic health. Validation in clinical trials and translation to care would benefit from in vivo diagnostic techniques that facilitate therapeutic advancements.

Evaluation of antitumor activity and cardiac toxicity of a bone-targeted ph-sensitive liposomal formulation in a bone metastasis tumor model in mice.

Chemotherapy for bone tumors is a major challenge because of the inability of therapeutics to penetrate dense bone mineral. We hypothesize that a nanostructured formulation with high affinity for bone could deliver drug to the tumor while minimizing off-target toxicity. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of a novel bone-targeted, pH-sensitive liposomal formulation containing doxorubicin in an animal model of bone metastasis.

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle.

Skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, which is critically important in health and disease, can be measured in vivo and noninvasively in humans via phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PMRS). However, the approach has not been widely adopted in translational and clinical research, with variations in methodology and limited guidance from the literature. Increased optimization, standardization, and dissemination of methods for in vivo PMRS would facilitate the development of targeted therapies to improve OXPHOS capacity and could ultimately favorably impact cardiovascular health.

Noninvasive Assessment of Losartan-Induced Increase in Functional Microvasculature and Drug Delivery in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, can reduce desmoplasia and enhance drug delivery and efficacy through improving interstitial transport and vascular perfusion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) models in mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) and micro-positron emission tomography (PET) measurements could respectively detect improvements in tumor vascular parameters and drug uptake in orthotopic PDAC in mice treated with losartan.

Method And Materials: All experiments were approved by the local Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Computation of Calcium Score With Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: A Phantom Study.

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) improves material and tissue characterization compared with single-energy CT; we sought to validate coronary calcium quantification in advancing cardiovascular DECT. In an anthropomorphic phantom, agreement between measurements was excellent, and Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated minimal bias. Compared with the known calcium mass for each phantom, calcium mass by DECT was highly accurate.

Peroneal tendon abnormalities in subjects with an enlarged peroneal tubercle.

Objective: To examine the association between inframalleolar peroneal tendon abnormalities and an enlarged peroneal tubercle.

Materials And Methods: Two independent readers evaluated consecutive ankle MR imaging studies to classify inframalleolar peroneal tendon findings as normal, tenosynovitis, partial tear or complete tear. The size and morphology of the peroneal tubercle was also recorded.

Ectopic and serum lipid levels are positively associated with bone marrow fat in obesity.

Purpose: To investigate the associations between ectopic and serum lipid levels and bone marrow fat, as a marker of stem cell differentiation, in young obese men and women, with the hypothesis that ectopic and serum lipid levels would be positively associated with bone marrow fat.

Materials And Methods: The study was institutional review board approved and complied with HIPAA guidelines. Written informed consent was obtained.

Similar trends in serum VEGF-D levels and kidney angiomyolipoma responses with longer duration sirolimus treatment in adults with tuberous sclerosis.

Context: We have previously shown that serum VEGF-D is elevated at baseline, correlates with kidney angiomyolipoma size at baseline and 12 months, and decreases with sirolimus treatment in adults with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). To further investigate the utility of serum VEGF-D for longer term monitoring of TSC kidney disease, we present VEGF-D level results with 24 month follow-up.

Objective: To compare 24 month VEGF-D levels in two subgroups of sirolimus treated patients (OFF SIROLIMUS AFTER 12 MONTHS or ON SIROLIMUS AFTER 12 MONTHS).