Novel use of carboplatin, etoposide and durvalumab as neoadjuvant therapy in treatment of small cell bladder cancer.

Small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB) is a rare and aggressive variant of bladder cancer requiring multimodal treatment. We present a case of an 82-year-old male with SCCB with bulky pelvic adenopathy treated with a novel neoadjuvant combination of carboplatin, etoposide, and durvalumab with complete response of the small cell component. We also describe a rare complication of retinopathy resulting from this treatment.

Bat-specific adaptations in interferon signaling and GBP1 contribute to enhanced antiviral capacity.

Bats are reservoirs of emerging zoonotic viruses that may cause severe disease in humans and agricultural animals. However, it is poorly understood how bats can tolerate diverse viral infections. Here, we characterized type I interferon response pathways in kidney cell lines derived from two divergent bat species, Pteropus alecto and Eptesicus fuscus, identifying distinct mechanisms underlying their enhanced control of viral infection.

Hyper-responsiveness of cancer stem cells to microenvironmental cues controls metastasis and therapy response through YAP/TAZ/TEAD.

Unlabelled: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are key drivers of metastasis and therapy resistance but have been challenging to visualize and study . Using a fluorescent CSC reporter, we observed very different population dynamics for CSCs and nonCSCs during metastatic lung colonization in breast cancer models. CSC expansive self-renewal drives early lesion formation before switching to a maintenance mode of balanced self-renewal and differentiation, whereupon nonCSC proliferation takes over as the main driver of metastatic expansion.

Neurobiological and Microbiota Alterations After Bariatric Surgery: Implications for Hunger, Appetite, Taste, and Long-Term Metabolic Health.

Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective intervention for obesity, inducing significant neurobiological and gut microbiota changes that influence hunger, appetite, taste perception, and long-term metabolic health. This narrative review examines these alterations by analyzing recent findings from clinical and preclinical studies, including neuroimaging, microbiome sequencing, and hormonal assessments. BS modulates appetite-regulating hormones, reducing ghrelin while increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), leading to enhanced satiety and decreased caloric intake.

Cost savings of home parenteral nutrition compared with hospital parenteral nutrition: A multicenter prospective analysis.

Background: Several publications demonstrate the impact of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in reducing healthcare costs. The question is are HPN practices in Latin America also cost saving when compared with hospital PN? This study aimed to compare the direct healthcare and nonhealthcare costs of HPN with hospital PN through a prospective, analytical, and longitudinal, multicenter noninterventional study.

Materials And Methods: Adult patients receiving PN were included during the last week of hospital PN (week -1 before discharge), through the first week of HPN (week +1), and up to the first month of HPN (month +1).

Expanding the bat toolbox: Carollia perspicillata bat cell lines and reagents enable the characterization of viral susceptibility and innate immune responses.

Multiple viruses that are highly pathogenic in humans are known to have evolved in bats. How bats tolerate infection with these viruses, however, is poorly understood. As viruses engage in a wide range of interactions with their hosts, it is essential to study bat viruses in a system that resembles their natural environment like bat-derived in vitro cellular models.

Approach to Myoclonus Dystonia Syndrome: A European Reference Network Survey.

Background: Myoclonus-dystonia syndrome (MDS) is a genetic movement disorder with childhood-onset, most frequently caused by SGCE defects.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic and treatment strategies in MDS used by experts from the European Reference Network for rare neurological diseases (ERN-RND), and to assess the diagnosis and management experience in patients with MDS.

Methods: Two different questionnaires were distributed: one among neurologists from ERN-RND, and another among patients and families with SGCE-related MDS.

A Rare Guillain-Barré Syndrome Variant with Multi-Ganglioside Reactivity: A Case of Severe Cranial Nerve Involvement.

Introduction: We present a rare case of acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuritis, a Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) variant, manifesting as ophthalmoparesis-ataxia, facial diplegia, and acute bulbar palsy, accompanied by a unique autoimmune profile.

Clinical Case: A 75-year-old female developed rapidly progressive symptoms, including bilateral non-reactive mydriasis, ptosis, complete ophthalmoplegia, bilateral facial weakness, tongue immobility, palatal paralysis, limb dysmetria, ataxia, and brisk generalized tendon reflexes, all while maintaining a preserved mental state. Symptoms emerged 10 days after a probable gastrointestinal infection.

Optimizing Nutritional Management Before and After Bariatric Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide for Sustained Weight Loss and Metabolic Health.

Obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities that contribute to increased mortality among affected individuals. There are multiple treatments for this condition, including nutritional interventions, pharmacological therapies, and surgical procedures. Within these, bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option that requires a multidisciplinary approach, both before and after surgery.

-related disorders: expansion of the phenotypic spectrum and long-term efficacy of deep brain stimulation.

Heterozygous mutations in are associated with an early-onset, progressive and often complex dystonia (DYT28). Key characteristics of typical disease include focal motor features at disease presentation, evolving through a caudocranial pattern into generalized dystonia, with prominent oromandibular, laryngeal and cervical involvement. Although -related disease is emerging as one of the most common causes of early-onset genetic dystonia, much remains to be understood about the full spectrum of the disease.

Historia natural de la distonía mioclónica asociada a variantes de SGCE en niños y adolescentes.

Children and adolescents with SGCE-myoclonus dystonia showed a progression of motor symptoms during a mean follow-up of 4 years. Patients developed a significant increase in the severity of axial and limb myoclonus, as well as dystonia during writing. Consequently, patients reported a marked decline in their speech, writing, and walking abilities.

Bat genomes illuminate adaptations to viral tolerance and disease resistance.

Zoonoses are infectious diseases transmitted from animals to humans. Bats have been suggested to harbour more zoonotic viruses than any other mammalian order. Infections in bats are largely asymptomatic, indicating limited tissue-damaging inflammation and immunopathology.

Evaluation of the Vitros® Anti-T. cruzi assay for its incorporation into the infection diagnostic algorithm.

Background And Objective: Serological screening for Chagas disease (CD) in Latin American adults living in Europe is a cost-effective strategy for transmission prevention. The World Health Organization recommends two different serological tests including native and recombinant antigens for IgG detection. In Spain, most commercialized native tests require manual processing.

Natural history of SGCE-associated myoclonus dystonia in children and adolescents.

Aim: To investigate the natural progression of SGCE-associated myoclonus dystonia from symptom onset in childhood to early adulthood.

Method: Myoclonus and dystonia were monitored using rating scales in two cohorts of participants from Spain and the Netherlands. Individual annualized rates of change were calculated and longitudinal trends were assessed using Bayesian mixed models.

Viral susceptibility and innate immune competency of bat cells produced for virological studies.

Multiple viruses that are highly pathogenic in humans are known to have evolved in bats. How bats tolerate infection with these viruses, however, is poorly understood. As viruses engage in a wide range of interactions with their hosts, it is essential to study bat viruses in a system that resembles their natural environment like bat-derived cellular models.

Studying bats using a One Health lens: bridging the gap between bat virology and disease ecology.

Accumulating data suggest that some bat species host emerging viruses that are highly pathogenic in humans and agricultural animals. Laboratory-based studies have highlighted important adaptations in bat immune systems that allow them to better tolerate viral infections compared to humans. Simultaneously, ecological studies have discovered critical extrinsic factors, such as nutritional stress, that correlate with virus shedding in wild-caught bats.

A Novel Urology Preliminary Residency Curriculum Within a Department of Surgery for Unmatched Applicants.

Objective: Traditional options for unmatched applicants in urology include pursuing a research fellowship or completing a preliminary general surgery training year. We aimed to create a novel urology-focused preliminary curriculum.

Design: The general surgery program commits three preliminary positions for urology-focused interns.

High Hepatitis B Prevalence and Vaccination Needs Among Transgender Women and Men Sex Workers in Barcelona, Spain.

Background: Transgender women sex workers (TWSWs) and men sex workers (MSWs) are especially vulnerable to acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We aimed to describe HBV prevalence (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] and core antibody [HBcAb]) and associated risk factors for HBV exposure (HBcAb), to assess vaccination status and risk factors for no prior vaccination, and to compare HBV prevalence and vaccination status between TWSWs and MSWs.

Methods: The SexCohort study was advertised to TWSWs and MSWs through several communication channels.

A clinical utility evaluation of dual HIV/Syphilis point-of-care tests in non-clinical settings for screening for HIV and syphilis in men who have sex with men.

Background: Dual point-of-care tests (POCTs) for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to HIV and syphilis have been developed. Since community-based organisations (CBO) are effective providers of HIV and syphilis testing among men who have sex with men (MSM), evaluation of the utility of these dual tests at CBO testing services is a high priority. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of performing dual HIV-syphilis POCT testing among both users and providers at these non-clinical sites.

Behavioral Management of Respiratory/Phonatory Dysfunction for Dysarthria Associated With Neurodegenerative Disease: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: This systematic review represents an update to previous reviews of the literature addressing behavioral management of respiratory/phonatory dysfunction in individuals with dysarthria due to neurodegenerative disease.

Method: Multiple electronic database searches and hand searches of prominent speech-language pathology journals were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards.

Results: The search yielded 1,525 articles, from which 88 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed by two blinded co-investigators.

Conversion of a classical microbiology laboratory to a total automation laboratory enhanced by the application of lean principles.

Laboratory automation in microbiology improves productivity and reduces sample turnaround times (TATs). However, its full potential can be unlocked through the optimization of workflows by adopting lean principles. This study aimed to explore the relative impact of laboratory automation and continuous improvement events (CIEs) on productivity and TATs.

An Online HIV Self-Sampling Strategy for Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men and Trans Women in Spain.

We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an online self-sampling pilot intervention for HIV testing addressed to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and trans women (TW) users of dating apps in Spain. The website https://www.testate.