Elucidating spread in the Americas by using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses.

is a parasitic nematode of domestic and wild canids of the world. This nematode induces esophageal spirocercosis and may eventually lead to carcinomas, aortic aneurisms, and death of the animal. Two genotypes of have been described based on specimens from Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, but no profound analysis has been conducted with from the Americas.