Slowing the spread of treatment failure to artemisinin-based combination therapies in Uganda.

Background: The multiple emergences and continuing spread of partially artemisinin-resistant in Africa, where about 95% of malaria occurs, is a health challenge that requires urgent attention. The World Health Organization has developed a resistance response strategy that centers on enhancing surveillance, reducing drug pressure, and evaluating novel tools to slow resistance evolution which includes the deployment of multiple first-line therapies (MFT). Developing a specific resistance response is critical for Uganda, where four mutations are at local allele frequencies >0.