The involvement of the piriform cortex in non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy: an uncommon component of the epileptogenic network.

The piriform cortex is recognized as highly epileptogenic in rodents, yet its electrophysiological role in human epilepsy remains understudied. Recent surgical outcomes have suggested potential benefits in resecting the piriform cortex for cases of medial temporal lobe epilepsy. However, little is known about its electrophysiological activity in human epilepsy.

An ordinal clinical score predicts seizure freedom after minimally invasive epilepsy surgery.

Objective: To predict one-year seizure freedom, using a combination of relevant clinical variables, following stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in a series of 101 patients.

Methods: Eight predictors of seizure freedom were selected based on their association with medial temporal lobe epilepsy: (1) MRI evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS); (2) unitemporal interictal epileptiform discharges; (3) absence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures; (4) history of febrile seizures; (5) onset of epilepsy ≤16 years; (6) absence of an auditory, visual, or vertiginous aura; and (7) unitemporal ictal onset; (8) unitemporal PET hypometabolism. We compared four multivariate models: "MTS," using just evidence of MTS; "FULL," using all eight binary predictors; "AIC" using backwards selection of variables; and "SCORE," using a 0-to-8-point ordinal score awarding one point for each binary predictor.

Stereoelectroencephalography-guided radiofrequency ablation of the epileptogenic zone as a treatment and predictor of future success of further surgical intervention.

Objective: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is increasingly being used as a treatment for drug-resistant localization-related epilepsy. The aim of this study is to analyze the successes and failures using RFA and how response correlates with surgical epilepsy treatment outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 62 patients who underwent RFA via SEEG electrodes.

New insights on the phytochemical intervention for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders using the leaves of : an and approach.

Context: L. (Magnoliaceae) has been known since ancient times for its rich medicinal properties.

Objective: The ethanol extract of leaves (EEMC) was evaluated on depression and anxiety using and studies.

PET Imaging for Head and Neck Cancers.

Head and neck cancers are commonly encountered cancers in clinical practice in the United States. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/CT has been clinically applied in staging, occult primary tumor detection, treatment planning, response assessment, follow-up, recurrent disease detection, and prognosis prediction in these patients. Alternative PET tracers remain investigational and can provide additional valuable information such as radioresistant tumor hypoxia.

Possible contribution of cerebellar disinhibition in epilepsy.

Objective: We hypothesize that loss of inhibition from the cerebellum can lead to cortical activation and seizures.

Background: The traditional model for development of seizures purports that the source of seizures is increased electrical activity originating from cerebral cortical neurons. Studies have shown a decrease in inhibition results in a shift of cortical activity to a hyperexcitable state, which may lead to seizures.

The precuneal cortex: anatomy and seizure semiology.

The purpose of this review is to describe the functional anatomy of the precuneal cortex and outline some semiological features of precuneal seizures. The precuneal cortex is a structure that occupies the posterior medial portion of the parietal lobe, and it has broad cortical and subcortical connections. Neuroanatomical tracing, functional imaging, as well as electrical stimulation studies of humans and other primates have elucidated many complex integrative functions of the precuneus including visuo-spatial imagery, sensorimotor functions, and consciousness.

Burden of Neurological Disorders Across the US From 1990-2017: A Global Burden of Disease Study.

Importance: Accurate and up-to-date estimates on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (burden) of neurological disorders are the backbone of evidence-based health care planning and resource allocation for these disorders. It appears that no such estimates have been reported at the state level for the US.

Objective: To present burden estimates of major neurological disorders in the US states by age and sex from 1990 to 2017.

Brain FDG PET and the diagnosis of dementia.

Objective: We review the role of brain FDG PET in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and vascular dementia. Characteristic spatial patterns of brain metabolism on FDG PET can help differentiate various subtypes of dementia.

Conclusion: In patients with different subtypes of dementia, FDG PET/CT shows distinct spatial patterns of metabolism in the brain and can help clinicians to make a reasonably accurate and early diagnosis for appropriate management or prognosis.