Impact of airway closure and lung collapse on inhaled nitric oxide effect in acute lung injury: an experimental study.

Background: Efficacy of inhaled therapy such as Nitric Oxide (iNO) during mechanical ventilation may depend on airway patency. We hypothesized that airway closure and lung collapse, countered by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), influence iNO efficacy. This could support the role of an adequate PEEP titration for inhalation therapy.

Preservation of recipient plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate levels reduces transfusion-related acute lung injury.

Cold-stored (CS) platelets are once again being reintroduced for clinical use. Transfused CS platelets offer benefits over room temperature-stored (RTS) platelets such as increased hemostatic effects and prolongation of shelf-life. Despite these advantages little is known about their association with transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).

Limiting Overdistention or Collapse When Mechanically Ventilating Injured Lungs: A Randomized Study in a Porcine Model.

It is unknown whether preventing overdistention or collapse is more important when titrating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To compare PEEP targeting minimal overdistention or minimal collapse or using a compromise between collapse and overdistention in a randomized trial and to assess the impact on respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, inflammation, and hemodynamics. In a porcine model of ARDS, lung collapse and overdistention were estimated using electrical impedance tomography during a decremental PEEP titration.

Mechanical Ventilation in ARDS With an Automatic Resuscitator.

Background: The Oxylator is an automatic resuscitator, powered only by an oxygen cylinder with no electricity required, that could be used in acute respiratory failure in situations in which standard mechanical ventilation is not available or feasible. We aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of mechanical ventilation by using this automatic resuscitator in an animal model of ARDS.

Methods: A randomized experimental study in a porcine ARDS model with 12 pigs randomized to the Oxylator group or the control group (6 per group) and ventilated for 4 h.