Moderate pyridoxal phosphate deficiency enhances neuronal excitability and promotes calcium dysregulation.

Objective: Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), is essential for converting glutamate into the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Severe consequences of PLP deficiency due to genetic defects are well known, but the impact of modest pyridoxine deficits remains unclear. Low pyridoxine levels have been associated with poor neurological outcomes in disease and injury, but it is uncertain whether this reflects a causal relationship or is a secondary consequence of inflammatory conditions.

Urinary Tract Infection Epidemiology in NICUs in the United States.

Objective: Our objective was to characterize the incidence, associated clinical factors, timing of infection, microbiology, and incidence of concordant blood culture of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in very low birth weight (VLBW <1,500g) infants.

Study Design: Multicenter observational cohort study of VLBW infants with gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks, still hospitalized on postnatal day 7, and discharged 2010 to 2018 from Pediatrix Medical Group neonatal intensive care units. Demographic and clinical characteristics of infants with and without UTI were compared.